• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2021	Near Threatened	A2cd+4cd
2016	Near Threatened	C1
2012	Near Threatened	C1
2008	Near Threatened	C1
2004	Near Threatened
2000	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	Medium
Land mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2)	112,500	medium
Number of locations		-
Severely Fragmented		-

	Value	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
No. of mature individuals	unknown	not applicable	not applicable	0
Population trend	Decreasing	poor	inferred	-
Decline (3 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (5 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation future)	10-19	-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future)	10-25	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations		-	-	-
Percentage in largest subpopulation		-	-	-
Generation length (yrs)	6.6	-	-	-

Population justification: The global population size has not been quantified, but the species is described as generally fairly scarce, although common on Tanahjampea, Tanimbar, Wetar and Karimunjawa islands (Gibbs et al. 2001, Trainor et al. 2009, Susanto 2012, B. van Balen in litt. 2016, C. Trainor & J. P. Lopez in litt. 2020), 'uncommon' on Babar and 'fairly frequent' at secondary forest edges on Sermata (Trainor and Verbelen 2013). Across Timor it appears to have declined sharply due to intensive hunting (C. Trainor & J. P. Lopez in litt. 2020).

In West Timor there are now only very low numbers at Bipolo and Camplong, where previously large flocks could be easily observed. Similarly, in Timor-Leste numbers encountered in Nino Konis Santana National Park in 2019 were far lower than previously, with the decline ascribed to hunting occurring throughout Timor (C. Trainor & J. P. Lopez 2020). The species is now locally absent from many formerly occupied sites in the country, and is even greatly reduced in the Oecusse enclave (C. Trainor & J. P. Lopez in litt. 2020).

Trend justification: Hunting and habitat degradation are suspected to be driving a moderate decline overall, but rapid declines have occurred due solely to hunting in Timor-Leste and West Timor in recent years (C. Trainor & J. P. Lopez in litt. 2020). The species has declined from being common in forested sites (Bipolo and Camplong in West Timor, Nino Konis Santana National Park in Timor-Leste) at the start of the 2000s to only being recording in ones and twos in 2019 (C. Trainor & J. P. Lopez in litt. 2020). Should the impact of hunting be mitigated, there is the potential for considerable future recovery in the depleted parts of the range.

On many of the small islands on which the species occurs numbers remain good. The stronghold of the species may now be Wetar where there continue to be counts of large flocks and a large proportion of forest remains including favoured riparian Canarium groves (Trainor et al. 2009, C. Trainor & J. P. Lopez in litt. 2020).

Country/Territory	Occurrence status	Presence	Resident	Breeding	Non-breeding	Passage
Indonesia	N	Extant	Yes
Timor-Leste	N	Extant	Yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Timor-Leste	Tilomar
Timor-Leste	Fatumasin
Timor-Leste	Atauro Island
Timor-Leste	Sungai Klere
Timor-Leste	Lore
Timor-Leste	Mount Paitchau and Lake Iralalaro
Timor-Leste	Jaco Island
Timor-Leste	Be Malae
Timor-Leste	Maubara
Timor-Leste	Monte Mak Fahik - Sarim
Timor-Leste	Tasitolu
Timor-Leste	Areia Branca no Dolok Oan
Timor-Leste	Subaun
Timor-Leste	Irabere - Iliomar
Indonesia	Kepulauan Lemola
Indonesia	Pulau Babar
Indonesia	Pulau Damar
Indonesia	Pulau Romang
Indonesia	Lolobata
Indonesia	Pulau Besar
Indonesia	Bipolo
Indonesia	Camplong
Indonesia	Oenasi
Indonesia	Gunung Arnau
Indonesia	Pulau Manuk
Indonesia	Kepulauan Tayandu
Indonesia	Pegunungan Daab - Boo
Indonesia	Pulau Tana Jampea
Indonesia	Pulau Kalatoa
Indonesia	Pulau Selayar

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Plantations	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	suitable	resident
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical Moist	suitable	resident
Altitude	0 - 930 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Species disturbance, Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Energy production & mining	Mining & quarrying	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Residential & commercial development	Tourism & recreation areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Transportation & service corridors	Roads & railroads	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Primary form used	Life stage used	Source	Scale	Level	Timing
Food - human	-	-			Non-trivial	Recent

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Ducula rosacea. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 31/03/2023. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 31/03/2023.