Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: #http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of _the_WP15.xls#.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | Least Concern | |
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | medium |
| Land-mass type | Average mass | 56 g |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 50,800,000 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 53,700,000 | medium |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Value | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of mature individuals | poor | estimated | 2009 | |
| Population trend | decreasing | estimated | - | |
| Generation length (years) | 4.2 | - | - | - |
Population justification: The global population is estimated to number > c.4,000,000 individuals (Rich et al. 2004), while national population estimates include: < c.1,000 wintering individuals in China, c.100-10,000 breeding pairs in Japan and c.100-10,000 breeding pairs in Russia (Brazil 2009). The European population is estimated at 92,300-214,000 pairs, which equates to 185,000-428,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015). Europe forms approximately 5% of the global range.
.
Trend justification: This species has undergone a large and statistically significant decrease over the last 40 years in North America (-72.5% decline over 40 years, equating to a -27.6% decline per decade; data from Breeding Bird Survey and/or Christmas Bird Count: Butcher and Niven 2007).
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Belgium | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Bermuda (to UK) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Canada | extant | native | ||||
| China (mainland) | extant | native | ||||
| Czechia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Denmark | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Finland | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| France | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Germany | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Greenland (to Denmark) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Hungary | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Japan | extant | native | ||||
| Kazakhstan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Latvia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Mongolia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Montenegro | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Netherlands | extant | vagrant | ||||
| North Korea | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Norway | extant | native | yes | |||
| Poland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Russia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Russia (Asian) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Russia (Central Asian) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Russia (European) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Serbia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Slovakia | extant | native | yes | |||
| St Pierre and Miquelon (to France) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Sweden | extant | native | yes | |||
| Switzerland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Ukraine | extant | vagrant | ||||
| United Kingdom | extant | vagrant | ||||
| USA | extant | native | yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | non-breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Pastureland | suitable | non-breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Pastureland | suitable | breeding |
| Forest | Boreal | major | non-breeding |
| Forest | Boreal | major | breeding |
| Forest | Temperate | major | non-breeding |
| Forest | Temperate | major | breeding |
| Shrubland | Temperate | suitable | non-breeding |
| Shrubland | Temperate | suitable | breeding |
| Altitude | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | - | - | international | non-trivial | recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Pinicola enucleator. Downloaded from
http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/pine-grosbeak-pinicola-enucleator on 24/09/2023.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://datazone.birdlife.org on 24/09/2023.
