Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
---|---|---|
- | - | - |
Year | Category | Criteria |
---|---|---|
2018 | Least Concern | |
2016 | Least Concern | |
2012 | Least Concern | |
2009 | Least Concern | |
2008 | Least Concern | |
2004 | Least Concern | |
2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | Does not normally occur in forest |
Land mass type | Average mass | 530 g |
Estimate | Data quality | |
---|---|---|
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 15,400,000 | |
Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 16,400,000 | |
Number of locations | - | |
Severely Fragmented | - |
Value | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
---|---|---|---|---|
No. of mature individuals | poor | estimated | 2009 | |
Population trend | Stable | estimated | - | |
Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | - | - | - | |
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | - | - | - | |
Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
Percentage in largest subpopulation | - | - | - | |
Generation length (yrs) | 8 | - | - | - |
Population justification: The global population was estimated to number 235,000 individuals in 1993 (del Hoyo et al. 1996).
Trend justification: The overall trend is likely to be stable. In North America, this species has undergone a small or statistically insignificant increase over the last 40 years (data from Breeding Bird Survey and/or Christmas Bird Count: Butcher and Niven 2007). Note, however, that these surveys cover less than 50% of the species's range in North America.
Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Canada | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
Japan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Mexico | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Russia | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
Russia (Asian) | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
USA | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
---|---|---|---|
Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands | major | breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Rocky Shoreline | major | non-breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Rocky Shoreline | major | breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Tidepools | major | non-breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Tidepools | major | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | major | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | major | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Pelagic | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Pelagic | suitable | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | major | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | major | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | major | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | major | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | major | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | major | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | major | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | major | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | major | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | major | breeding |
Marine Oceanic | Epipelagic (0-200m) | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Oceanic | Mesopelagic (200-1000m) | suitable | non-breeding |
Altitude | 0 - 100 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Biological resource use | Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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Climate change & severe weather | Temperature extremes | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Causing/Could cause fluctuations | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Vulpes vulpes | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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Pollution | Industrial & military effluents - Oil spills | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pets/display animals, horticulture | - | - | International | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2022) Species factsheet: Cepphus columba. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 10/08/2022.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2022) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 10/08/2022.