EN
Perija Starfrontlet Coeligena consita



Taxonomy

Taxonomic note
Coeligena bonaparteiC. consita and C. eos (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. bonapartei following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

IUCN Red List criteria met and history
Red List criteria met
Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable
- B1ab(iii,v); C2a(i) B1ab(iii,v); C2a(i); D1

Red List history
Year Category Criteria
2020 Endangered B1ab(iii,v); C2a(i)
2016 Vulnerable C2a(i)
2014 Vulnerable C2a(i)
Species attributes

Migratory status not a migrant Forest dependency high
Land-mass type Average mass -
Range

Estimate Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) 2,400 km2 medium
Number of locations 2-5 -
Severely fragmented? no -
Population
Estimate Data quality Derivation Year of estimate
Population size 250-999 mature individuals poor estimated 2020
Population trend decreasing - inferred -
Generation length 2 years - - -
Number of subpopulations 2-5 - - -
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation 1-89% - - -

Population justification: The species was once considered to be fairly common at one Colombian locality (López-O et al. 2014). Recent surveys however only counted 10 individuals and the species is considered rare (O. Cortés in litt. 2020, P. Salaman in litt. 2020). Recent population densities estimates are low at 2.23 individuasl/km2 (Fundación ProAves in litt. 2020). Assuming the species occupies only parts of its mapped range, the population may number 526 individuals, roughly equating to 351 mature individuals. However, based on uncertainty in population numbers, it is here tentatively placed in the band of 250-999 mature individuals, equating to 375-1,499 individuals.

Trend justification: Although it occupies a wide variety of habitat, the species is thought to in decline owing to habitat loss caused by illegal roads and settlements, mineral exploitation, cultivation of narcotics and coffee, cattle-ranching and colonisation. Recent forest loss estimates are low at <2% (Global Forest Watch 2020) across a three generation period (10 years; Bird et al. 2020). However, 20% of remaining habitat is thought to have been lost in the last 10-20 year period, with northern extremities likely to be absent in suitable habitat due do agriculture and colonisation (Cortés et al. 2020). The population is therefore thought to be decreasing (O. Cortés in litt. 2020), but the rate has not been quantified.


Country/territory distribution
Country/Territory Presence Origin Resident Breeding visitor Non-breeding visitor Passage migrant
Colombia extant native yes
Venezuela extant native yes

Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA)
Country/Territory IBA Name
Colombia Cerro Pintado (Serranía de Perijá)
Venezuela Parque Nacional Perijá
Venezuela Zona Protectora San Rafael de Guasare

Habitats & altitude
Habitat (level 1) Habitat (level 2) Importance Occurrence
Forest Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane major resident
Altitude 2550 - 3000 m Occasional altitudinal limits (min) 2300 m

Threats & impact
Threat (level 1) Threat (level 2) Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Majority (50-90%) Slow, Significant Declines Medium Impact: 6
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Majority (50-90%) Slow, Significant Declines Medium Impact: 6
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Energy production & mining Mining & quarrying Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Rapid Declines Medium Impact: 6
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Natural system modifications Fire & fire suppression - Increase in fire frequency/intensity Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Species disturbance, Ecosystem degradation
Residential & commercial development Housing & urban areas Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Rapid Declines Medium Impact: 6
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Transportation & service corridors Roads & railroads Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Utilisation
Purpose Primary form used Life stage used Source Scale Level Timing
Pets/display animals, horticulture - - international non-trivial recent

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Coeligena consita. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/perija-starfrontlet-coeligena-consita on 19/03/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org on 19/03/2024.