Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | Least Concern | |
| 2016 | Near Threatened | A2bcd+3bcd+4bcd |
| 2012 | Near Threatened | A2bcd+3bcd+4bcd |
| 2008 | Near Threatened | A2b,c,d; A3b,c,d; A4b,c,d |
| 2004 | Near Threatened | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | Does not normally occur in forest |
| Land mass type |
Land-mass type - continent |
Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 3,010,000 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 5,310,000 | medium |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Severely Fragmented | - |
| Value | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | 14000000 | medium | estimated | 2016 |
| Population trend | Stable | medium | estimated | - |
| Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | - | - | - | |
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Percentage in largest subpopulation | - | - | - | |
| Generation length (yrs) | 4.4 | - | - | - |
Population justification: Partners in Flight estimate there to be 12,000,000 mature individuals in continental U.S.A. out of a global total of 14,000,000 (Rosenberg et al. 2016, Partners in Flight 2018).
Trend justification: Data from the Christmas Bird Count (CBC) (T. Meehan in litt. 2018) suggests that in North America the species may have increased since 1966, within the relevant part of its range. However, Breeding Bird Survey data suggests it has undergone a small or statistically insignificant decrease over the last three generations (c.13 years) (Sauer et al. 2017), which would not approach the threshold for Vulnerable. As CBC data may only represent a more limited proportion of the population the species is, therefore, treated here as stable.
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahamas | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Belize | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Cayman Islands (to UK) | V | Extant | ||||
| Costa Rica | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Cuba | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| El Salvador | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Guatemala | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Honduras | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Jamaica | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Mexico | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Nicaragua | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Panama | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| USA | N | Extant | Yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | major | breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest | major | non-breeding |
| Shrubland | Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude | major | non-breeding |
| Shrubland | Subtropical/Tropical Moist | major | breeding |
| Altitude | 0 - 1700 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases - Molothrus ater | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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| Residential & commercial development | Housing & urban areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Transportation & service corridors | Roads & railroads | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | - | - | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Passerina ciris. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 21/03/2023.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 21/03/2023.
