Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: #http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of _the_WP15.xls#.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | Low |
| Land mass type | Average mass | 20 g |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 20,200,000 | |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 8,250,000 | |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Severely Fragmented | - |
| Value | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | 8000000-17999999 | poor | estimated | 2012 |
| Population trend | Decreasing | suspected | - | |
| Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | - | - | - | |
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Percentage in largest subpopulation | - | - | - | |
| Generation length (yrs) | 3.6 | - | - | - |
Population justification: In Europe, the breeding population is estimated to number 3,330,000-7,070,000 pairs, which equates to 6,660,000-14,100,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015). Europe forms c.80% of the global range, so a very preliminary estimate of the global population size is 8,325,000-17,625,000 mature individuals, placed here in the range 8,000,000-17,999,999 mature individuals, although further validation of this estimate is needed.
Trend justification: The population is suspected to be in decline owing to ongoing habitat destruction. Between 1980 and 2013 the European population underwent a steep decline (EBCC 2015).
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | V | Extant | ||||
| Albania | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Algeria | N | Extant | ||||
| Andorra | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Armenia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Austria | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Azerbaijan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bahrain | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Belarus | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Belgium | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Benin | V | Extant | ||||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bulgaria | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Cameroon | V | Extant | ||||
| Chad | N | Extant | ||||
| China (mainland) | N | Extant | ||||
| Côte d'Ivoire | N | Extant | ||||
| Croatia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Cyprus | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Czechia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Denmark | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Djibouti | N | Extant | ||||
| Egypt | N | Extant | ||||
| Eritrea | N | Extant | ||||
| Estonia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Ethiopia | N | Extant | ||||
| Faroe Islands (to Denmark) | V | Extant | ||||
| Finland | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| France | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Georgia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Germany | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Gibraltar (to UK) | N | Extant | ||||
| Greece | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Guinea | N | Extant | ||||
| Hungary | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Iceland | V | Extant | ||||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Iraq | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Ireland | N | Extant | ||||
| Israel | N | Extant | ||||
| Italy | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Japan | V | Extant | ||||
| Jordan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Kazakhstan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Kenya | V | Extant | ||||
| Kuwait | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Latvia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Lebanon | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Libya | N | Extant | ||||
| Liechtenstein | N | Extant | ||||
| Lithuania | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Luxembourg | V | Extant | ||||
| Mali | N | Extant | ||||
| Malta | N | Extant | ||||
| Mauritania | N | Extant | ||||
| Moldova | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Mongolia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Montenegro | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Morocco | N | Extant | ||||
| Netherlands | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Nigeria | N | Extant | ||||
| North Macedonia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Norway | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Oman | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Palestine | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Poland | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Portugal | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Qatar | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Romania | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia (Asian) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia (Central Asian) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia (European) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Saudi Arabia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Senegal | N | Extant | ||||
| Serbia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Seychelles | V | Extant | ||||
| Sierra Leone | N | Extant | ||||
| Slovakia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Slovenia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Somalia | N | Extant | ||||
| South Korea | V | Extant | ||||
| Spain | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Sudan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Sweden | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Switzerland | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Syria | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Tajikistan | V | Extant | ||||
| Tunisia | N | Extant | ||||
| Turkey | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Turkmenistan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Uganda | N | Extant | ||||
| Ukraine | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| United Arab Emirates | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| United Kingdom | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Uzbekistan | N | Extant | ||||
| Western Sahara | N | Extant | ||||
| Yemen | N | Extant | Yes | Yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Plantations | suitable | breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Plantations | suitable | non-breeding |
| Desert | Temperate | suitable | breeding |
| Desert | Temperate | suitable | non-breeding |
| Grassland | Temperate | suitable | breeding |
| Grassland | Temperate | suitable | non-breeding |
| Shrubland | Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation | suitable | breeding |
| Shrubland | Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation | suitable | non-breeding |
| Shrubland | Temperate | marginal | resident |
| Altitude | 0 - 2400 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food - human | - | - | Non-trivial | Recent | ||
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | - | - | International | Non-trivial | Recent | |
| Sport hunting/specimen collecting | - | - | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Emberiza hortulana. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 28/03/2023.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 28/03/2023.
