• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note
Pernis ptilorhynchus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as P. ptilorhyncus.

Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: #http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of _the_WP15.xls#.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2021	Least Concern
2016	Least Concern
2013	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	full migrant	Forest dependency	Medium
Land mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2)	38,200,000
Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2)	22,700,000
Number of locations		-
Severely Fragmented		-

	Value	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
No. of mature individuals	66666-666666	poor	suspected	2009
Population trend	Decreasing		suspected	-
Decline (3 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (5 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation future)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future)		-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	6	-	-	-
Percentage in largest subpopulation	1-89	-	-	-
Generation length (yrs)	8.5	-	-	-

Population justification: The global population is suspected to number c.100,000-1,000,000 individuals (Ferguson-Lees and Christie 2001), while national population estimates include: c.10,000-100,000 breeding pairs and c.1,000-10,000 individuals on migration in China; < c.100 breeding pairs, c.1,000-10,000 individuals on migration and c.50-1,000 wintering individuals in Taiwan; c.10,000-100,000 breeding pairs and c.1,000-10,000 individuals on migration in Korea; c.10,000-100,000 breeding pairs and c.1,000-10,000 individuals on migration in Japan and c.10,000-100,000 breeding pairs and c.1,000-10,000 individuals on migration in Russia (Brazil 2009). A global population estimate of 100,000-1,000,000 individuals is roughly equivalent to 66,666 - 666,666 mature individuals.

Trend justification: The population is suspected to be declining due to forest loss across its range. Data from Global Forest Watch (2021) suggests that the rate of forest loss is likely to be <20% over three generations.

Country/Territory	Occurrence status	Presence	Resident	Breeding	Non-breeding	Passage
Afghanistan	U	Extant
Bangladesh	N	Extant	Yes
Bhutan	N	Extant	Yes
Brunei	N	Extant	Yes
Cambodia	N	Extant	Yes
China (mainland)	N	Extant	Yes
Egypt	V	Extant
Hong Kong (China)	V	Extant
India	N	Extant	Yes
Indonesia	N	Extant	Yes
Iran, Islamic Republic of	N	Extant			Yes
Israel	V	Extant
Japan	N	Extant		Yes
Jordan	V	Extant
Kazakhstan	N	Extant				Yes
Kenya	V	Extant
Kuwait	N	Extant				Yes
Laos	N	Extant	Yes
Macao (China)	V	Extant
Malaysia	N	Extant	Yes
Mongolia	V	Extant
Myanmar	N	Extant	Yes
Nepal	N	Extant	Yes
North Korea	N	Extant		Yes
Oman	V	Extant			Yes	Yes
Pakistan	N	Extant	Yes
Philippines	N	Extant	Yes
Russia	N	Extant		Yes
Russia (Asian)	N	Extant		Yes
Russia (Central Asian)	N	Extant		Yes
Saudi Arabia	V	Extant			Yes	Yes
Singapore	N	Extant	Yes
South Korea	N	Extant		Yes
Sri Lanka	N	Extant		Yes
Taiwan, China	N	Extant			Yes
Thailand	N	Extant	Yes
Turkey	V	Extant
United Arab Emirates	N	Extant			Yes	Yes
Uzbekistan	V	Extant
Vietnam	N	Extant	Yes
Yemen	V	Extant			Yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Indonesia	Telaga Warna-Cibulao
Indonesia	Bali Barat
Russia (Central Asian)	Kuznetsky Alatau Zapovednik
Russia (Central Asian)	Shestakovskiye marshes
Russia (Asian)	Islands of the Enisey river near Shushenskoye
Russia (Asian)	Perovo lake
Kazakhstan	Chokpak Pass
Taiwan, China	Kenting National Park
Philippines	Zambales mountains
Kazakhstan	Big Almaty Gorge
Malaysia	Tanjung Tuan

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Plantations	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	suitable	resident
Forest	Temperate	suitable	breeding
Grassland	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	suitable	passage
Altitude	0 - 1800 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	(max) 3000 m

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Motivation Unknown/Unrecorded	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Energy production & mining	Renewable energy	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Species mortality

Purpose	Primary form used	Life stage used	Source	Scale	Level	Timing
Pets/display animals, horticulture	-	-		International	Non-trivial	Recent
Sport hunting/specimen collecting	-	-			Non-trivial	Recent

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2022) Species factsheet: Pernis ptilorhynchus. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 26/06/2022. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2022) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 26/06/2022.