Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
del Hoyo, J.; Collar, N. J.; Christie, D. A.; Elliott, A.; Fishpool, L. D. C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | Near Threatened | A2bcd+3bcd+4bcd |
| 2012 | Near Threatened | A2bcd+3bcd+4bcd |
| 2008 | Near Threatened | A2b,c,d; A3b,c,d; A4b,c,d |
| 2006 | Near Threatened | |
| 2004 | Near Threatened | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Near Threatened | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Near Threatened | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | Low |
| Land mass type |
Land-mass type - continent Land-mass type - shelf island |
Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 19,400,000 | medium |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Fragmentation | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | 22000 | medium | estimated | 2006 |
| Population trend | Decreasing | poor | suspected | - |
| Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | 20-29 | - | - | - |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | 20-29 | - | - | - |
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Largest subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Generation length (yrs) | 8.8 | - | - | - |
Population justification: The population is estimated to number at least 22,000 mature individuals, roughly equivalent to over 33,000 individuals in total.
Trend justification: This species is suspected to be in moderately rapid decline, owing to pollution, drainage and hunting.
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bangladesh | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Brunei | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Cambodia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| India | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Indonesia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Laos | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Malaysia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Myanmar | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Nepal | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Pakistan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Palau | U | Extant | Yes | |||
| Philippines | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Sri Lanka | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Thailand | N | Extinct | Yes | |||
| Timor-Leste | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Vietnam | N | Extant | Yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level | major | resident |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes | suitable | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Estuaries | suitable | resident |
| Wetlands (inland) | Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands | suitable | resident |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | suitable | resident |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) | suitable | resident |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Lakes | suitable | resident |
| Altitude | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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| Human intrusions & disturbance | Work & other activities | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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| Natural system modifications | Dams & water management/use - Abstraction of surface water (domestic use) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Type Unknown/Unrecorded | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2021) Species factsheet: Anhinga melanogaster. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 26/01/2021.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2021) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 26/01/2021.
