Data Zone
Taxonomic note
Spatula clypeata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Anas.
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: #http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of _the_WP15.xls#.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: #http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm#.
Turbott, E.G. 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Least Concern | |
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | Does not normally occur in forest |
| Land mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 39,900,000 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 187,000,000 | medium |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Severely Fragmented | - |
| Value | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | 4300000-4700000 | poor | estimated | 2012 |
| Population trend | Decreasing | suspected | - | |
| Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | - | - | - | |
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Percentage in largest subpopulation | - | - | - | |
| Generation length (yrs) | 6.5 | - | - | - |
Population justification: The global population is estimated to number 6,500,000-7,000,000 individuals (Wetlands International 2015). This roughly equates to 4,300,000-4,700,000 mature individuals. The European population is estimated at 170,000-233,000 pairs, which equates to 340,000-466,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015).
Trend justification: The overall population trend is decreasing, although some populations may be increasing and others have unknown trends (Wetlands International 2015). In North America, the species has undergone a large, significant increase over the last 40 years (based on Partners in Flight; A. Panjabi in litt. 2017). The European population trend is estimated to be stable (BirdLife International 2015).
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Albania | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Algeria | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Anguilla (to UK) | N | Extant | ||||
| Antigua and Barbuda | N | Extant | ||||
| Armenia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Aruba (to Netherlands) | N | Extant | ||||
| Australia | V | Extant | ||||
| Austria | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Azerbaijan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bahamas | N | Extant | ||||
| Bahrain | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bangladesh | N | Extant | ||||
| Barbados | N | Extant | ||||
| Belarus | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Belgium | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Belize | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bermuda (to UK) | V | Extant | ||||
| Bhutan | N | Extant | ||||
| Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (to Netherlands) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Botswana | V | Extant | ||||
| Brunei | V | Extant | ||||
| Bulgaria | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Burkina Faso | N | Extant | ||||
| Burundi | N | Extant | ||||
| Cambodia | N | Extant | ||||
| Cameroon | V | Extant | ||||
| Canada | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Cayman Islands (to UK) | N | Extant | ||||
| Central African Republic | N | Extant | ||||
| Chad | N | Extant | ||||
| China (mainland) | N | Extant | ||||
| Colombia | N | Extant | ||||
| Congo, The Democratic Republic of the | N | Extant | ||||
| Costa Rica | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Côte d'Ivoire | N | Extant | ||||
| Croatia | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Cuba | N | Extant | ||||
| Cyprus | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Czechia | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Denmark | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Djibouti | N | Extant | ||||
| Dominica | N | Extant | ||||
| Dominican Republic | N | Extant | ||||
| Ecuador | V | Extant | ||||
| Egypt | N | Extant | ||||
| El Salvador | N | Extant | ||||
| Eritrea | N | Extant | ||||
| Estonia | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Ethiopia | N | Extant | ||||
| Faroe Islands (to Denmark) | V | Extant | ||||
| Finland | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| France | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| French Polynesia | V | Extant | ||||
| Gambia | N | Extant | ||||
| Georgia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Germany | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Ghana | N | Extant | ||||
| Greece | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Greenland (to Denmark) | V | Extant | ||||
| Guadeloupe (to France) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Guam (to USA) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Guatemala | N | Extant | ||||
| Guinea | V | Extant | ||||
| Guinea-Bissau | N | Extant | ||||
| Haiti | N | Extant | ||||
| Honduras | N | Extant | ||||
| Hong Kong (China) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Hungary | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Iceland | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| India | N | Extant | ||||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Iraq | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Ireland | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Israel | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Italy | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Jamaica | V | Extant | ||||
| Japan | N | Extant | ||||
| Jordan | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Kazakhstan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Kenya | N | Extant | ||||
| Kiribati | N | Extant | ||||
| Kuwait | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Kyrgyzstan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Laos | N | Extant | ||||
| Latvia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Lebanon | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Liberia | N | Extant | ||||
| Libya | N | Extant | ||||
| Liechtenstein | N | Extant | ||||
| Lithuania | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Luxembourg | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Malawi | V | Extant | ||||
| Malaysia | N | Extant | ||||
| Maldives | N | Extant | ||||
| Mali | N | Extant | ||||
| Malta | N | Extant | ||||
| Marshall Islands | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Martinique (to France) | N | Extant | ||||
| Mauritania | N | Extant | ||||
| Mexico | N | Extant | ||||
| Micronesia, Federated States of | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Moldova | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Mongolia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Montenegro | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Montserrat (to UK) | N | Extant | ||||
| Morocco | N | Extant | ||||
| Mozambique | V | Extant | ||||
| Myanmar | N | Extant | ||||
| Namibia | V | Extant | ||||
| Nepal | N | Extant | ||||
| Netherlands | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| New Zealand | V | Extant | ||||
| Nicaragua | N | Extant | ||||
| Niger | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Nigeria | N | Extant | ||||
| North Korea | N | Extant | ||||
| North Macedonia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Northern Mariana Islands (to USA) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Norway | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Oman | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Pakistan | N | Extant | ||||
| Palestine | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Panama | N | Extant | ||||
| Philippines | N | Extant | ||||
| Poland | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Portugal | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Puerto Rico (to USA) | N | Extant | ||||
| Qatar | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Romania | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Russia | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Russia (Asian) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia (Central Asian) | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Russia (European) | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Rwanda | V | Extant | ||||
| Saudi Arabia | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Senegal | N | Extant | ||||
| Serbia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Seychelles | V | Extant | ||||
| Singapore | N | Extant | ||||
| Slovakia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Slovenia | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Somalia | N | Extant | ||||
| South Africa | V | Extant | ||||
| South Korea | N | Extant | ||||
| South Sudan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Spain | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Sri Lanka | N | Extant | ||||
| St Kitts and Nevis | N | Extant | ||||
| St Lucia | N | Extant | ||||
| St Pierre and Miquelon (to France) | V | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| St Vincent and the Grenadines | N | Extant | ||||
| Sudan | N | Extant | ||||
| Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (to Norway) | V | Extant | ||||
| Sweden | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Switzerland | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Syria | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Taiwan, China | N | Extant | ||||
| Tajikistan | N | Extant | ||||
| Tanzania | N | Extant | ||||
| Thailand | N | Extant | ||||
| Togo | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Trinidad and Tobago | N | Extant | ||||
| Tunisia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Turkey | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Turkmenistan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Turks and Caicos Islands (to UK) | N | Extant | ||||
| Uganda | N | Extant | ||||
| Ukraine | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| United Arab Emirates | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| United Kingdom | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| USA | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Uzbekistan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Venezuela | V | Extant | ||||
| Vietnam | N | Extant | ||||
| Virgin Islands (to UK) | V | Extant | ||||
| Virgin Islands (to USA) | V | Extant | ||||
| Western Sahara | N | Extant | ||||
| Yemen | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Zambia | N | Extant | ||||
| Zimbabwe | V | Extant |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Seasonally Flooded Agricultural Land | suitable | non-breeding |
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Seasonally Flooded Agricultural Land | suitable | breeding |
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Wastewater Treatment Areas | suitable | non-breeding |
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Wastewater Treatment Areas | suitable | breeding |
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Water Storage Areas (over 8ha) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Water Storage Areas (over 8ha) | suitable | breeding |
| Grassland | Subtropical/Tropical Seasonally Wet/Flooded | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Mud Flats and Salt Flats | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Estuaries | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) | major | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) | major | breeding |
| Altitude | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Neovison vison | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Viral/prion-induced diseases - Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1 subtype) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Future | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 3 | ||||||
|
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| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Nutrient loads | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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| Transportation & service corridors | Utility & service lines | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food - human | - | - | Non-trivial | Recent | ||
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | - | - | Non-trivial | Recent | ||
| Sport hunting/specimen collecting | - | - | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Spatula clypeata. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 31/03/2023.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 31/03/2023.
