Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
Banks, J.; Van Buren, A.; Cherel, Y.; Whitfield, J. B. 2006. Genetic evidence for three species of Rockhopper Penguins Eudyptes chrysocome. Polar Biology 30(1): 61-67.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | A2acde+3cde+4acde | A2acde+3cde+4acde; B2ab(v) |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | Endangered | A2acde+3cde+4acde |
| 2016 | Endangered | A2acde+3cde+4acde |
| 2012 | Endangered | A2acde+3cde+4acde |
| 2010 | Endangered | A2a,c,d,e; A3c,d,e; A4a,c,d,e |
| 2008 | Endangered | A2a,c,d,e; A3c,d,e; A4a,c,d,e |
| 2004 | Not Recognised | |
| 2000 | Not Recognised | |
| 1994 | Not Recognised | |
| 1988 | Not Recognised |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | Does not normally occur in forest |
| Land mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 1,840,000 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 16,700,000 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 250 | medium |
| Number of locations | 7 | - |
| Fragmentation | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | 480600 | medium | estimated | 2013 |
| Population trend | Decreasing | good | estimated | - |
| Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | 50-79 | - | - | - |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | 50-79 | - | - | - |
| Number of subpopulations | 2 | - | - | - |
| Largest subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Generation length (yrs) | 9 | - | - | - |
Population justification: The global population is estimated at around 240,300 breeding pairs (Cuthbert 2013, TdC and RSPB unpubl. data), with the majority of breeding pairs being found on Gough Island and islands in the Tristan da Cunha group (68,000 pairs on Middle Island in 2015, 64,700 pairs on Gough Island in 2006, 16,000 pairs on Nightingale Island in 2015, 54,000 pairs on Inaccessible Island in 2009 and 3600 pairs on Tristan da Cunha islands in 2015; Cuthbert 2013, RSPB and TdC unpubl. data). The population at Amsterdam Island and St. Paul Island in the Indian Ocean were estimated at 25,000 pairs and 9,000 pairs, respectively, in 1993.
Trend justification: Population trends are poorly known due to the remoteness of the breeding islands. Numbers indicate that populations are still declining (TdC and RSPB unpubl. data). At the species's two breeding locations in the Indian Ocean, Amsterdam and St. Paul, numbers have been declining at an average rate of 3-4% since the early 1970s (CEBC-CNRS unpubl. data). Overall, recent population models indicate that over the past 27 years (three generations), the numbers of Northern Rockhopper Penguins have declined by 57% (Birdlife International 2010). At Amsterdam Island, the decline over the past three generations reaches 74% (CEBC-CNRS unpubl. data).
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| French Southern Territories | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| South Africa | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| St Helena (to UK) | N | Extant | Yes |
| Country/Territory | IBA Name |
|---|---|
| St Helena (to UK) | Tristan da Cunha - Marine |
| St Helena (to UK) | Gough Island - Marine |
| St Helena (to UK) | Tristan Island |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grassland | Subantarctic | major | breeding |
| Grassland | Subtropical/Tropical Seasonally Wet/Flooded | major | breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Rocky Shoreline | major | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Pelagic | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Pelagic | major | breeding |
| Marine Oceanic | Epipelagic (0-200m) | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Oceanic | Epipelagic (0-200m) | major | breeding |
| Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks) | major | breeding | |
| Altitude | 0 - 170 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biological resource use | Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Whole (>90%) | Negligible declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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| Climate change & severe weather | Habitat shifting & alteration | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Canis familiaris | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Past, Likely to Return | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Past Impact | ||||||
|
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Named species | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Sus domesticus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Past, Unlikely to Return | Minority (<50%) | Rapid Declines | Past Impact | ||||||
|
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases - Named species | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic species/disease of unknown origin - Pasteurella multocida | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Pollution | Industrial & military effluents - Oil spills | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2020) Species factsheet: Eudyptes moseleyi. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 07/07/2020.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2020) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 07/07/2020.
