Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: #http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of _the_WP15.xls#.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Least Concern | |
| 2018 | Least Concern | |
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | Medium |
| Land mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 80,000,000 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 99,200,000 | medium |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Severely Fragmented | - |
| Value | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | 2200000-3700000 | poor | suspected | 2021 |
| Population trend | Decreasing | suspected | - | |
| Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | - | - | - | |
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Percentage in largest subpopulation | - | - | - | |
| Generation length (yrs) | 5.7 | - | - | - |
Population justification: Partners in Flight Science Committee (2020a) estimated the population in the USA and Canada to be c.150,000 individuals, and the global population to be c.520,000 individuals. The European population is estimated at 312,000-512,000 pairs, which equates to 624,000-1,030,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International In prep.). Europe forms approximately 28% of the global range, so the global population size is suspected to number 2,230,000-3,680,000 mature individuals, although further validation of this estimate is needed.
Trend justification: Trends in North America are not well known as local numbers rise and fall, but several studies suggest an overall decline, often attributed to loss of habitat (Marks et al. 2020). Analysis of results from the Christmas Bird Count suggest a decline of more than 50% since 1970 (Partners in Flight 2020b). In Europe the population size trend is unknown (BirdLife International In prep.).
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Albania | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Algeria | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Andorra | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Armenia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Austria | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Azerbaijan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Belarus | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Belgium | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bermuda (to UK) | V | Extant | ||||
| Bhutan | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bulgaria | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Canada | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| China (mainland) | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Croatia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Cuba | V | Extant | ||||
| Cyprus | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Czechia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Denmark | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Egypt | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Estonia | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Faroe Islands (to Denmark) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Finland | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| France | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Georgia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Germany | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Gibraltar (to UK) | V | Extant | ||||
| Greece | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Hong Kong (China) | V | Extant | ||||
| Hungary | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Iceland | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| India | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Iraq | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Ireland | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Israel | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Italy | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Japan | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Jordan | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Kazakhstan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Kuwait | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Kyrgyzstan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Laos | V | Extant | ||||
| Latvia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Lebanon | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Liechtenstein | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Lithuania | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Luxembourg | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Malta | V | Extant | ||||
| Mexico | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Moldova | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Mongolia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Montenegro | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Morocco | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Myanmar | V | Extant | ||||
| Nepal | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Netherlands | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| North Korea | N | Extant | ||||
| North Macedonia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Norway | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Oman | V | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Pakistan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Palestine | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Poland | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Portugal | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Qatar | V | Extant | ||||
| Romania | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Russia (Asian) | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Russia (Central Asian) | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Russia (European) | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Saudi Arabia | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Serbia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Slovakia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Slovenia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| South Korea | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Spain | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| St Pierre and Miquelon (to France) | V | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (to Norway) | V | Extant | ||||
| Sweden | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Switzerland | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Syria | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Taiwan, China | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Tajikistan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Tunisia | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Turkey | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Turkmenistan | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Ukraine | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| United Arab Emirates | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| United Kingdom | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| USA | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Uzbekistan | N | Extant | Yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Plantations | suitable | resident |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest | suitable | resident |
| Forest | Boreal | suitable | resident |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland | suitable | breeding |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane | marginal | resident |
| Forest | Temperate | suitable | resident |
| Grassland | Temperate | suitable | resident |
| Shrubland | Boreal | suitable | resident |
| Shrubland | Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation | suitable | resident |
| Shrubland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | resident |
| Shrubland | Temperate | suitable | resident |
| Wetlands (inland) | Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Marshes/Pools | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Shrub Dominated Wetlands | suitable | non-breeding |
| Altitude | 0 - 2750 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Unintentional effects (species is not the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases - Strix aluco | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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| Residential & commercial development | Housing & urban areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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| Transportation & service corridors | Roads & railroads | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food - human | - | - | Non-trivial | Recent | ||
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | - | - | International | Non-trivial | Recent | |
| Sport hunting/specimen collecting | - | - | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2022) Species factsheet: Asio otus. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 22/05/2022.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2022) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 22/05/2022.
