Family: Icteridae (New World blackbirds)

Authority: Lawrence, 1880

Red List Category

Criteria: D1+2

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Justification of Red List category
This species has always had an extremely small range, but volcanic eruptions during the late 1990s caused an extremely rapid population decline and extirpated it from all but two disjunct areas. Deposits of volcanic ash have seriously damaged the habitat of the remaining population, and further deposits or an increased frequency of hurricanes could have devastating effects. However, the population trend has since stabilised or even increased, and the species has therefore been downlisted to Vulnerable. Nevertheless, the total population remains very small and given its extremely restricted range is subject to an obvious plausible future threat (further volcanic eruptions) that could drive the species to become Critically Endangered or even Extinct within a short space of time.

Population size: 250-460

Population trend: Stable

Extent of occurrence (breeding/resident): 30 km²

Country endemic: Yes

Attributes
Land-mass type - oceanic island
Realm - Neotropical
IUCN Ecosystem -- Terrestrial biome