• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: #http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of _the_WP15.xls#.
Brooke, M. de L. 2004. Albatrosses and Petrels Across the World. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: #http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm#.
Turbott, E.G. 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2018	Least Concern
2016	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	full migrant	Forest dependency	does not normally occur in forest
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2)	120,000,000	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Value	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Number of mature individuals	680000-790000	poor	estimated	2012
Population trend	unknown		not applicable	-
Generation length (years)	16.5	-	-	-

Population justification: In Europe (which covers >95% of the breeding range), the breeding population is estimated to be 342,000-393,000 breeding pairs, equating to 684,000-785,000 mature individuals or 1,026,000-1,177,500 individuals (BirdLife International 2015). Brooke (2004) also estimated the global population to be at least 1,000,000 individuals.

Trend justification: The overall population trend is unknown. The population trend is decreasing in North America (based on BBS/CBC data: Butcher and Niven 2007). The European population trend is unknown (BirdLife International 2015).

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding	Non-breeding	Passage
Angola	extant	vagrant
Argentina	extant	native
Australia	extant	vagrant
Austria	extant	vagrant
Barbados	extant	vagrant
Belgium	extant	vagrant
Belize	extant	vagrant
Bermuda (to UK)	extant	native
Brazil	extant	native
Canada	extant	native		yes
Cape Verde	extant	vagrant
Chile	extant	native
Costa Rica	extant	vagrant
Côte d'Ivoire	extant	vagrant
Cuba	extant	vagrant
Denmark	extant	native				yes
Dominican Republic	extant	vagrant
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)	extant	native
Faroe Islands (to Denmark)	extant	native		yes
France	extant	native	yes			yes
French Guiana	extant	native
Gambia	extant	uncertain
Germany	extant	vagrant
Ghana	extant	vagrant
Greenland (to Denmark)	extant	vagrant
Guadeloupe (to France)	extant	native
Guinea	extant	uncertain
Guinea-Bissau	extant	uncertain
Iceland	extant	native		yes
Ireland	extant	native		yes
Liberia	extant	native
Mauritania	extant	vagrant
Morocco	extant	native
Namibia	extant	native
Netherlands	extant	native
New Zealand	extant	vagrant
Nigeria	extant	vagrant
Norway	extant	native		yes
Panama	extant	vagrant			yes
Portugal	extant	native	yes
Puerto Rico (to USA)	extant	native
Senegal	extant	native
Sierra Leone	extant	uncertain
South Africa	extant	native
South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands	extant	native
Spain	extant	native
St Helena (to UK)	extant	uncertain
St Pierre and Miquelon (to France)	extant	native				yes
St Vincent and the Grenadines	extant	vagrant
Sweden	extant	vagrant
Switzerland	extant	vagrant
Trinidad and Tobago	extant	native
United Kingdom	extant	native		yes		yes
Uruguay	extant	native			yes
USA	extant	native		yes
Venezuela	extant	native
Western Sahara	extant	native

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Faroe Islands (to Denmark)	Skúvoy
Faroe Islands (to Denmark)	Sandoy
Faroe Islands (to Denmark)	Eysturoy
Faroe Islands (to Denmark)	Mykines and Mykineshólmur
Iceland	Vestmannaeyjar
Spain	Costa da Morte
United Kingdom	Glannau Aberdaron and Ynys Enlli
United Kingdom	Copeland Islands
United Kingdom	Rum
United Kingdom	Skokholm and Skomer
Ireland	Blasket Islands
Ireland	Puffin Island
Ireland	The Skelligs: Great Skellig and Little Skellig
Ireland	Saltee Islands
Ireland	Cruagh Island
Spain	Cape Candelaria-Ortigueira estuary-Cape Estaca de Bares
Spain	Cape Busto-Luanco

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Marine Coastal/Supratidal	Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands	suitable	breeding
Marine Neritic	Macroalgal/Kelp	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Macroalgal/Kelp	major	breeding
Marine Neritic	Pelagic	major	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Pelagic	major	breeding
Marine Neritic	Seagrass (Submerged)	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Seagrass (Submerged)	major	breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel	major	breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs	major	breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Sandy	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Sandy	major	breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Sandy-Mud	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Sandy-Mud	major	breeding
Marine Oceanic	Epipelagic (0-200m)	major	non-breeding
Marine Oceanic	Epipelagic (0-200m)	major	breeding
Marine Oceanic	Mesopelagic (200-1000m)	major	non-breeding
Marine Oceanic	Mesopelagic (200-1000m)	major	breeding
Altitude	0 - 1000 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Felis catus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Named species	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Sus domesticus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Unlikely to Return		Minority (<50%)		Rapid Declines		Past Impact
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Pollution	Excess energy - Light pollution	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Species mortality

Purpose	Primary form used	Life stage used	Source	Scale	Level	Timing
Food - human	-	-	-		non-trivial	recent
Food - human	-	-			non-trivial	recent
Sport hunting/specimen collecting	-	-	-		non-trivial	recent
Sport hunting/specimen collecting	-	-			non-trivial	recent

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Puffinus puffinus. Downloaded from http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/manx-shearwater-puffinus-puffinus on 23/09/2023. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://datazone.birdlife.org on 23/09/2023.