• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	A2cde+3cde+4cde

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2021	Vulnerable	A2cde+3cde+4cde
2016	Vulnerable	A3cd
2012	Vulnerable	A3cd
2008	Vulnerable	A3c,d
2004	Vulnerable
2000	Vulnerable
1996	Vulnerable
1994	Vulnerable
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	High
Land mass type	Land-mass type - shelf island	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2)	11,500	medium
Number of locations	11-100	-
Severely Fragmented		-

	Value	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
No. of mature individuals	9487-32687	medium	estimated	2007
Population trend	Decreasing	good	inferred	-
Decline (3 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (5 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation future)	21-31	-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future)	21-31	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations		-	-	-
Percentage in largest subpopulation		-	-	-
Generation length (yrs)	4.9	-	-	-

Population justification: A total population estimate of 21,124 (with a 95% confidence interval of 9,487-32,687) mature individuals was calculated from a tentative estimate of the species's density at 5.7 (95% CI: 2.6-8.8) mature adults per km² from transect surveys in 1999 and an estimate of 3,706 km² of remaining habitat (Seddon and Tobias 2007). The 95% confidence intervals are taken as the upper and lower range estimates for the population.

Trend justification: The population is inferred to be declining in line with continuing habitat loss (Seddon and Tobias 2007; Global Forest Watch 2021). Over the past three generations, this species experienced a loss of 32% forest cover from its range (Global Forest Watch 2021). This species is also threatened by predation from invasive predators and trappers. Hence the overall past rate of decline is suspected to fall in the band of 25-35%. Between 2017-2020 this species's range lost 6.6% forest cover (Global Forest Watch 2021). Projected forwards over 3 generations, this equates to a loss of 23%. Assuming that forest loss continues at a similar rate, and the species remains threatened by invasive predators and trappers, the future rate of decline is suspected to fall in the band 21-31%.

Country/Territory	Occurrence status	Presence	Resident	Breeding	Non-breeding	Passage
Madagascar	N	Extant	Yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Madagascar	Mikea
Madagascar	PK32-Ranobe NPA
Madagascar	Velondriake MPA

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	major	resident
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	major	resident
Altitude	0 - 80 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Shifting agriculture	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Climate change & severe weather	Other impacts	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Whole (>90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Canis familiaris	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Named species	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success

Purpose	Primary form used	Life stage used	Source	Scale	Level	Timing
Food - human	-	-			Non-trivial	Recent
Pets/display animals, horticulture	-	-		International	Non-trivial	Recent

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Uratelornis chimaera. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 21/03/2023. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 21/03/2023.