Data Zone
Taxonomic note
Calandrella rufescens (AERC TAC [2003]; Cramp et al. [1977-1994]; Dowsett & Forbes-Watson [1993]; Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993]) and C. cheleensis (Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993]) have been lumped into Alaudala rufescens following del Hoyo and Collar (2016).
Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | Least Concern | |
| 2016 | Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | Does not normally occur in forest |
| Land mass type | Average mass | 24 g |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 30,800,000 | |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 31,800,000 | |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Severely Fragmented | - |
| Value | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | 0 | |||
| Population trend | Decreasing | estimated | - | |
| Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | - | - | - | |
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Percentage in largest subpopulation | - | - | - |
Population justification: In Europe, the breeding population is estimated to number 1,570,000-3,010,000 pairs, which equates to 3,130,000-6,020,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015).
Trend justification: The population is estimated to be in decline following to recorded regional declines, owing to ongoing habitat loss (del Hoyo et al. 2004). The European population is estimated to be decreasing (BirdLife International 2015).
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Algeria | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Armenia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Austria | V | Extant | ||||
| Azerbaijan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bahrain | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Bulgaria | V | Extant | ||||
| China (mainland) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Cyprus | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Egypt | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Ethiopia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Finland | V | Extant | ||||
| Georgia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Germany | V | Extant | ||||
| Gibraltar (to UK) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Greece | V | Extant | ||||
| India | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Iraq | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Ireland | V | Extant | ||||
| Israel | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Italy | V | Extant | ||||
| Jordan | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Kazakhstan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Kenya | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Kuwait | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Kyrgyzstan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Lebanon | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Libya | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Malta | V | Extant | ||||
| Mauritania | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Montenegro | V | Extant | ||||
| Morocco | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Netherlands | V | Extant | ||||
| Norway | V | Extant | ||||
| Oman | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Pakistan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Palestine | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Portugal | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Qatar | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Romania | V | Extant | ||||
| Russia | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Russia (Central Asian) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia (European) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Saudi Arabia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Serbia | V | Extant | ||||
| Somalia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Spain | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Sweden | V | Extant | ||||
| Switzerland | V | Extant | ||||
| Syria | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Tajikistan | U | Extant | Yes | |||
| Tanzania | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Tunisia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Turkey | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Turkmenistan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Ukraine | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| United Arab Emirates | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| United Kingdom | V | Extant | ||||
| Uzbekistan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Western Sahara | N | Extant | Yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grassland | Temperate | suitable | breeding |
| Grassland | Temperate | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Salt Marshes (Emergent Grasses) | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Salt Marshes (Emergent Grasses) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Shrubland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | major | breeding |
| Shrubland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | major | non-breeding |
| Shrubland | Temperate | major | breeding |
| Shrubland | Temperate | major | non-breeding |
| Altitude | 0 - 3000 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2022) Species factsheet: Alaudala rufescens. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 16/08/2022.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2022) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 16/08/2022.
