Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: #http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of _the_WP15.xls#.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: #http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm#.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Least Concern | |
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | Does not normally occur in forest |
| Land mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 11,000,000 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 19,100,000 | medium |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Severely Fragmented | - |
| Value | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | 3700000 | poor | estimated | 2018 |
| Population trend | Stable | inferred | - | |
| Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | - | - | - | |
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Percentage in largest subpopulation | - | - | - | |
| Generation length (yrs) | 5.5 | - | - | - |
Population justification: The global population is estimated to number 3,700,000 mature individuals and is currently stable (Meehan et al. 2018, Pardieck et al. 2018, Partners in Flight 2020).
Trend justification: The species is considered to have undergone a historical decline (Partners in Flight 2020, Wetlands International 2020), but recent North American Breeding Bird Survey and Christmas Bird Count data appears to show that the species has been roughly stable in the short-term (Meehan et al. 2018, Pardieck et al. 2018). Therefore, the species is assessed here as being stable.
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anguilla (to UK) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Antigua and Barbuda | V | Extant | ||||
| Aruba (to Netherlands) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bahamas | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Barbados | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Belize | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bermuda (to UK) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (to Netherlands) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Canada | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Cayman Islands (to UK) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Colombia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Costa Rica | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Cuba | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Curaçao (to Netherlands) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Denmark | V | Extant | ||||
| Dominica | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Dominican Republic | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Ecuador | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| El Salvador | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| France | V | Extant | ||||
| Greenland (to Denmark) | V | Extant | ||||
| Guadeloupe (to France) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Guatemala | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Haiti | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Honduras | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Ireland | V | Extant | ||||
| Jamaica | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Japan | V | Extant | ||||
| Martinique (to France) | V | Extant | ||||
| Mexico | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Netherlands | V | Extant | ||||
| Nicaragua | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Northern Mariana Islands (to USA) | V | Extant | ||||
| Panama | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Portugal | V | Extant | ||||
| Puerto Rico (to USA) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia | V | Extant | ||||
| Russia (Asian) | V | Extant | ||||
| Sint Maarten (to Netherlands) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Spain | V | Extant | ||||
| St Barthelemy (to France) | V | Extant | ||||
| St Kitts and Nevis | V | Extant | ||||
| St Lucia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| St Martin (to France) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| St Pierre and Miquelon (to France) | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| St Vincent and the Grenadines | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Suriname | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Trinidad and Tobago | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Turks and Caicos Islands (to UK) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| United Kingdom | V | Extant | ||||
| USA | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Venezuela | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Virgin Islands (to UK) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Virgin Islands (to USA) | N | Extant | Yes |
| Country/Territory | IBA Name |
|---|---|
| Mexico | Presa Temascal |
| Jamaica | Yallahs |
| Canada | Netley-Libau Marsh |
| Canada | Oak Lake/Plum Lakes Area |
| Canada | Whitewater Lake |
| Canada | Langruth - Rm of Lakeview |
| Canada | St. Mary's River Complex (Echo Bay ON to Maxton Bay MI) |
| Canada | Moose River Estuary |
| Canada | Barber Lake |
| Canada | Eyebrow Lake |
| Canada | Manitou Lake Area (includes Reflex, Freshwater, Wells, Colette and Cipher Lakes) |
| Canada | Old Crow Flats |
| Bahamas | Southern Great Lake |
| Dominican Republic | Cabral Lagoon |
| Virgin Islands (to USA) | Southgate and Green Cay |
| Cayman Islands (to UK) | Central Mangrove Wetland |
| Cayman Islands (to UK) | Crown Wetlands |
| Jamaica | Black River Great Morass |
| Mexico | Los Tuxtlas |
| Mexico | Pantanos de Centla |
| Puerto Rico (to USA) | Guaniquilla and Boquerón |
| Mexico | Subcuenca Tecocomulco |
| USA | Lake Pontchartrain |
| Colombia | Laguna de la Cocha |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Water Storage Areas (over 8ha) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Coastal Freshwater Lakes | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Estuaries | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Lakes | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Seasonal/Intermittent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Lakes and Flats | suitable | breeding |
| Altitude | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food - human | - | - | Non-trivial | Recent | ||
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | - | - | International | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Aythya affinis. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 30/03/2023.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 30/03/2023.
