Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: #http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of _the_WP15.xls#.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: #http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm#.
Turbott, E.G. 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | Least Concern | |
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | Low |
| Land mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 167,000,000 | |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Severely Fragmented | - |
| Value | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | poor | suspected | 1992 | |
| Population trend | Decreasing | suspected | - | |
| Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | - | - | - | |
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Percentage in largest subpopulation | - | - | - | |
| Generation length (yrs) | 15.5 | - | - | - |
Population justification: Del Hoyo et al. (1992) estimate that the population is likely several hundred thousand individuals. Therefore, the population is tentatively placed here in the range 100,000-499,999 individuals.
Trend justification: The population is suspected to be in decline owing to ongoing habitat destruction and unsustainable levels of exploitation.
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Brazil | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| British Indian Ocean Territory | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Brunei | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| China (mainland) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Christmas Island (to Australia) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Cocos (Keeling) Islands (to Australia) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Comoros | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Djibouti | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Eritrea | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Fiji | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| French Polynesia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Guam (to USA) | U | Extant | Yes | |||
| India | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Indonesia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Israel | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Japan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Jordan | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Kenya | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Kiribati | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Madagascar | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Malaysia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Maldives | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Marshall Islands | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Mauritius | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Mayotte (to France) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Micronesia, Federated States of | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Mozambique | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Nauru | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| New Caledonia (to France) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| New Zealand | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Northern Mariana Islands (to USA) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Oman | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Palau | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Philippines | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Réunion (to France) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Seychelles | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Singapore | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Solomon Islands | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Somalia | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| South Korea | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Sri Lanka | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Taiwan, China | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Tanzania | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Thailand | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Timor-Leste | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Tonga | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| USA | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Vanuatu | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Vietnam | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Wallis and Futuna Islands (to France) | N | Extant | Yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | major | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Pelagic | major | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | major | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | major | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | major | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | major | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | major | resident |
| Marine Oceanic | Epipelagic (0-200m) | major | resident |
| Marine Oceanic | Mesopelagic (200-1000m) | major | resident |
| Shrubland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | breeding |
| Altitude | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change & severe weather | Temperature extremes | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Human intrusions & disturbance | Recreational activities | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Mus musculus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food - human | - | - | Non-trivial | Recent | ||
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | - | - | International | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Fregata ariel. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 22/03/2023.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 22/03/2023.
