• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note
Chrysophlegma mentale and C. humii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Picus and lumped as P. mentalis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
del Hoyo, J.; Collar, N. J.; Christie, D. A.; Elliott, A.; Fishpool, L. D. C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2016	Near Threatened	C2a(i)
2014	Near Threatened	C2a(i)

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	High
Land mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2)	106,000
Number of locations		-
Severely Fragmented		-

	Value	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
No. of mature individuals	10000-19999	poor	estimated	2014
Population trend	Decreasing		suspected	-
Decline (3 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (5 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation future)	1-9	-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future)	1-9	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	2-100	-	-	-
Percentage in largest subpopulation	1-89	-	-	-
Generation length (yrs)	5.6	-	-	-

Population justification: The global population size has not been formally quantified, but the species is reported to be uncommon to locally common (del Hoyo et al. 2002). It is preliminarily estimated to approach as few as 10,000 mature individuals, thus it is placed in the band for 10,000-19,999 mature individuals, assumed to equate to c.15,000-30,000 individuals in total. It is assumed that no sub-population numbers more than 1,000 mature individuals.

Trend justification: Much of the remaining forest on Java is protected (M. Lammertink in litt. 2014) and recent analyses have reported stable forest cover on the island during 2000-2012 (Miettinen et al. 2011, Hansen et al. 2013). However, it is precautionarily assumed that limited habitat loss and degradation is driving a slow decline in the population.

Country/Territory	Occurrence status	Presence	Resident	Breeding	Non-breeding	Passage
Indonesia	N	Extant	Yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Arable Land	possible	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	major	resident
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical Moist	marginal	resident
Altitude	0 - 1700 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Primary form used	Life stage used	Source	Scale	Level	Timing
Pets/display animals, horticulture	-	-	-	International	Non-trivial	Recent

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Chrysophlegma mentale. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 31/03/2023. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 31/03/2023.