• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
D	D	D1+2

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2019	Critically Endangered	D
2016	Critically Endangered	D
2015	Critically Endangered	D
2013	Critically Endangered	D
2012	Critically Endangered	D
2009	Critically Endangered	D1
2008	Critically Endangered
2006	Critically Endangered
2004	Critically Endangered
2000	Critically Endangered
1996	Extinct
1994	Extinct
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	does not normally occur in forest
Land-mass type	Land-mass type - shelf island	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2)	1	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Value	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Number of mature individuals	0-49	poor	estimated	2019
Population trend	decreasing		suspected	-
Generation length (years)	8.9	-	-	-

Population justification: This species has not been recorded since 1939. Surveys carried out since 1949 have been unsuccessful in recording any individuals, though unconfirmed reports from local people exist. Any remaining population is likely to be tiny.

Trend justification: Trends are unknown, but any remaining population, if it exists, is likely to be declining owing to human disturbance and conversion of habitat to aquaculture and agricultural land, and perhaps hunting.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding	Non-breeding	Passage
Indonesia	possibly extinct	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Pastureland	possible	unknown
Grassland	Subtropical/Tropical Seasonally Wet/Flooded	major	resident
Wetlands (inland)	Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands	possible	unknown
Altitude		Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Marine & freshwater aquaculture - Scale Unknown/Unrecorded	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Species mortality
Human intrusions & disturbance	Work & other activities	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Species disturbance

Purpose	Primary form used	Life stage used	Source	Scale	Level	Timing
Food - human	-	-			non-trivial	recent

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Vanellus macropterus. Downloaded from http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/javan-lapwing-vanellus-macropterus on 26/09/2023. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://datazone.birdlife.org on 26/09/2023.