LC
Hardhead Aythya australis



Family: Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans)

Authority: (Eyton, 1838)

Red List Category

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Justification of Red List category
This species has a very large range, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion (Extent of Occurrence <20,000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size, habitat extent/quality, or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation). The population trend appears to be fluctuating, and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population trend criterion (>30% decline over ten years or three generations). The population size is very large, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population size criterion (<10,000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be >10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specified population structure). For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern.

Population size: unknown

Population trend: stable

Extent of occurrence (breeding/resident): 10,100,000 km2

Country endemic: yes

Attributes
Realm - Oceanic
IUCN Ecosystem -- Freshwater biome
IUCN Ecosystem -- Marine biome

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Aythya australis. Downloaded from http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/hardhead-aythya-australis on 01/12/2023.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://datazone.birdlife.org on 01/12/2023.