Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: #http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of _the_WP15.xls#.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: #http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm#.
Turbott, E.G. 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Least Concern | |
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2011 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | Does not normally occur in forest |
| Land mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 2,910,000 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 364,000,000 | medium |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Severely Fragmented | - |
| Value | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | 490000-630000 | poor | estimated | 2012 |
| Population trend | Decreasing | suspected | - | |
| Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | - | - | - | |
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Percentage in largest subpopulation | - | - | - | |
| Generation length (yrs) | 6 | - | - | - |
Population justification: The global population is estimated at 738,000-935,000 (Wetlands International 2015). This roughly equates to 490,000-630,000 mature individuals. National population estimates include 10,000 individuals on migration and 1,000-10,000 wintering individuals in China, 50-10,000 wintering individuals in Taiwan (China), 1,000-10,000 individuals on migration and 1,000-10,000 wintering individuals in Korea, 1,000-10,000 individuals on migration and 1,000-10,000 wintering individuals in Japan, and 10,000-100,000 breeding pairs and 1,000-10,000 individuals on migration in Russia (Brazil 2009). The European population is estimated at 5,000-10,000 pairs, which equates to 10,000-20,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015).
Trend justification: The overall population trend is decreasing, although some populations have unknown trends (Wetlands International 2015). In North America, the species has had stable trends over the last 40 years (based on Partners in Flight; A. Panjabi in litt. 2017). The European population trend is unknown (BirdLife International 2015).
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Albania | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Algeria | N | Extant | ||||
| Angola | N | Extant | ||||
| Anguilla (to UK) | N | Extant | ||||
| Antigua and Barbuda | N | Extant | ||||
| Argentina | N | Extant | ||||
| Armenia | N | Extant | ||||
| Aruba (to Netherlands) | N | Extant | ||||
| Australia | N | Extant | ||||
| Austria | N | Extant | ||||
| Azerbaijan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bahamas | N | Extant | ||||
| Bahrain | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Bangladesh | N | Extant | ||||
| Barbados | N | Extant | ||||
| Belarus | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Belgium | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Belize | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Benin | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bermuda (to UK) | N | Extant | ||||
| Bolivia | N | Extant | ||||
| Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (to Netherlands) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | N | Extant | ||||
| Botswana | V | Extant | ||||
| Brazil | N | Extant | ||||
| British Indian Ocean Territory | N | Extant | ||||
| Brunei | N | Extant | ||||
| Bulgaria | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Burundi | V | Extant | ||||
| Cambodia | N | Extant | ||||
| Cameroon | N | Extant | ||||
| Canada | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Cape Verde | N | Extant | ||||
| Cayman Islands (to UK) | N | Extant | ||||
| Chad | V | Extant | ||||
| Chile | N | Extant | ||||
| China (mainland) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Christmas Island (to Australia) | V | Extant | ||||
| Colombia | N | Extant | ||||
| Comoros | N | Extant | ||||
| Congo | N | Extant | ||||
| Congo, The Democratic Republic of the | N | Extant | ||||
| Cook Islands | V | Extant | ||||
| Costa Rica | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Côte d'Ivoire | N | Extant | ||||
| Croatia | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Cuba | N | Extant | ||||
| Curaçao (to Netherlands) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Cyprus | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Czechia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Denmark | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Djibouti | N | Extant | ||||
| Dominica | N | Extant | ||||
| Dominican Republic | N | Extant | ||||
| Ecuador | N | Extant | ||||
| Egypt | N | Extant | ||||
| El Salvador | N | Extant | ||||
| Equatorial Guinea | N | Extant | ||||
| Eritrea | N | Extant | ||||
| Estonia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Eswatini | V | Extant | ||||
| Ethiopia | N | Extant | ||||
| Faroe Islands (to Denmark) | V | Extant | ||||
| Fiji | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Finland | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| France | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| French Guiana | N | Extant | ||||
| Gabon | N | Extant | ||||
| Gambia | N | Extant | ||||
| Georgia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Germany | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Ghana | N | Extant | ||||
| Gibraltar (to UK) | V | Extant | ||||
| Greece | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Greenland (to Denmark) | V | Extant | ||||
| Grenada | N | Extant | ||||
| Guadeloupe (to France) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Guam (to USA) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Guatemala | N | Extant | ||||
| Guinea | N | Extant | ||||
| Guinea-Bissau | N | Extant | ||||
| Guyana | N | Extant | ||||
| Haiti | N | Extant | ||||
| Honduras | N | Extant | ||||
| Hong Kong (China) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Hungary | N | Extant | ||||
| Iceland | V | Extant | ||||
| India | N | Extant | ||||
| Indonesia | N | Extant | ||||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Iraq | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Ireland | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Israel | N | Extant | ||||
| Italy | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Jamaica | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Japan | N | Extant | ||||
| Jordan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Kazakhstan | N | Extant | ||||
| Kenya | N | Extant | ||||
| Kuwait | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Kyrgyzstan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Laos | V | Extant | ||||
| Latvia | N | Extant | ||||
| Lebanon | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Lesotho | V | Extant | ||||
| Liberia | N | Extant | ||||
| Libya | N | Extant | ||||
| Luxembourg | V | Extant | ||||
| Madagascar | N | Extant | ||||
| Malawi | V | Extant | ||||
| Malaysia | N | Extant | ||||
| Maldives | N | Extant | ||||
| Mali | V | Extant | ||||
| Malta | N | Extant | ||||
| Marshall Islands | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Martinique (to France) | N | Extant | ||||
| Mauritania | N | Extant | ||||
| Mauritius | N | Extant | ||||
| Mayotte (to France) | N | Extant | ||||
| Mexico | N | Extant | ||||
| Micronesia, Federated States of | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Mongolia | N | Extant | ||||
| Montenegro | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Montserrat (to UK) | N | Extant | ||||
| Morocco | N | Extant | ||||
| Mozambique | N | Extant | ||||
| Myanmar | N | Extant | ||||
| Namibia | N | Extant | ||||
| Nauru | V | Extant | ||||
| Nepal | N | Extant | ||||
| Netherlands | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| New Caledonia (to France) | N | Extant | ||||
| New Zealand | N | Extant | ||||
| Nicaragua | N | Extant | ||||
| Niger | V | Extant | ||||
| Nigeria | N | Extant | ||||
| North Korea | N | Extant | ||||
| North Macedonia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Northern Mariana Islands (to USA) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Norway | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Oman | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Pakistan | N | Extant | ||||
| Palau | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Palestine | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Panama | N | Extant | ||||
| Papua New Guinea | N | Extant | ||||
| Paraguay | N | Extant | ||||
| Peru | N | Extant | ||||
| Philippines | N | Extant | ||||
| Poland | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Portugal | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Puerto Rico (to USA) | N | Extant | ||||
| Qatar | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Réunion (to France) | N | Extant | ||||
| Romania | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Russia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia (Asian) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia (Central Asian) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia (European) | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Rwanda | V | Extant | ||||
| São Tomé e Príncipe | V | Extant | ||||
| Saudi Arabia | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Senegal | N | Extant | ||||
| Serbia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Seychelles | N | Extant | ||||
| Sierra Leone | N | Extant | ||||
| Singapore | N | Extant | ||||
| Sint Maarten (to Netherlands) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Slovakia | N | Extant | ||||
| Slovenia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Solomon Islands | N | Extant | ||||
| Somalia | N | Extant | ||||
| South Africa | N | Extant | ||||
| South Korea | N | Extant | ||||
| South Sudan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Spain | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Sri Lanka | N | Extant | ||||
| St Barthelemy (to France) | N | Extant | ||||
| St Helena (to UK) | V | Extant | ||||
| St Kitts and Nevis | N | Extant | ||||
| St Lucia | N | Extant | ||||
| St Martin (to France) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| St Pierre and Miquelon (to France) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| St Vincent and the Grenadines | N | Extant | ||||
| Sudan | N | Extant | ||||
| Suriname | N | Extant | ||||
| Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (to Norway) | V | Extant | ||||
| Sweden | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Switzerland | N | Extant | ||||
| Syria | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Taiwan, China | N | Extant | ||||
| Tajikistan | N | Extant | ||||
| Tanzania | N | Extant | ||||
| Thailand | N | Extant | ||||
| Timor-Leste | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Togo | N | Extant | ||||
| Trinidad and Tobago | N | Extant | ||||
| Tunisia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Turkey | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Turkmenistan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Turks and Caicos Islands (to UK) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Uganda | N | Extant | ||||
| Ukraine | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| United Arab Emirates | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| United Kingdom | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Uruguay | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| USA | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Venezuela | N | Extant | ||||
| Vietnam | N | Extant | ||||
| Virgin Islands (to UK) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Virgin Islands (to USA) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Western Sahara | N | Extant | ||||
| Yemen | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Zambia | V | Extant | ||||
| Zimbabwe | N | Extant |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grassland | Tundra | major | breeding |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Coastal Freshwater Lakes | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Mud Flats and Salt Flats | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Rocky Shoreline | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Shingle and/or Pebble Shoreline and/or Beaches | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Tidepools | suitable | non-breeding |
| Altitude | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Marine & freshwater aquaculture - Industrial aquaculture | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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| Climate change & severe weather | Habitat shifting & alteration | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Future | Whole (>90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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| Human intrusions & disturbance | Recreational activities | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Causing/Could cause fluctuations | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Residential & commercial development | Commercial & industrial areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Residential & commercial development | Housing & urban areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food - human | - | - | Non-trivial | Recent | ||
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | - | - | International | Non-trivial | Recent | |
| Sport hunting/specimen collecting | - | - | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2021) Species factsheet: Pluvialis squatarola. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 16/10/2021.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2021) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 16/10/2021.
