Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: #http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm#.
Turbott, E.G. 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | Least Concern | |
| 2018 | Least Concern | |
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | Low |
| Land mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 126,000,000 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 170,000,000 | medium |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Severely Fragmented | - |
| Value | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | 120000 | poor | estimated | 2002 |
| Population trend | Decreasing | suspected | - | |
| Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | - | - | - | |
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Percentage in largest subpopulation | - | - | - | |
| Generation length (yrs) | 16.6 | - | - | - |
Population justification: The global population is estimated to number 120,000 mature individuals (Kushlan et al. 2002).
Trend justification: The population is undergoing a small decline (Kushlan et al. 2002, Partners in Flight 2019), which is thought to be caused by climate change and human disturbance.
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Samoa | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Aruba (to Netherlands) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Australia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Brazil | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| British Indian Ocean Territory | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Brunei | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Cambodia | U | Extant | ||||
| Chile | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| China (mainland) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Christmas Island (to Australia) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Cocos (Keeling) Islands (to Australia) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Colombia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Comoros | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Cook Islands | U | Extant | ||||
| Costa Rica | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Ecuador | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| El Salvador | U | Extant | ||||
| Fiji | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| French Polynesia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| French Southern Territories | U | Extant | ||||
| Guam (to USA) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Guatemala | U | Extant | ||||
| High Seas | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| India | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Indonesia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Japan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Kenya | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Kiribati | U | Extant | ||||
| Madagascar | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Malaysia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Maldives | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Marshall Islands | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Mauritius | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Mayotte (to France) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Mexico | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Micronesia, Federated States of | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Mozambique | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Nauru | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| New Caledonia (to France) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| New Zealand | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Nicaragua | U | Extant | ||||
| Niue (to New Zealand) | U | Extant | ||||
| Northern Mariana Islands (to USA) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Oman | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Palau | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Panama | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Papua New Guinea | U | Extant | ||||
| Philippines | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Pitcairn Islands (to UK) | U | Extant | ||||
| Réunion (to France) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Samoa | U | Extant | ||||
| Seychelles | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Solomon Islands | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Somalia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| South Africa | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Sri Lanka | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| St Helena (to UK) | U | Extant | ||||
| Taiwan, China | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Tanzania | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Thailand | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Timor-Leste | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Tokelau (to New Zealand) | U | Extant | ||||
| Tonga | N | Extant | ||||
| Tuvalu | U | Extant | ||||
| United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| USA | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Vanuatu | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Vietnam | U | Extant | ||||
| Wallis and Futuna Islands (to France) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Zimbabwe | V | Extant | Yes |
| Country/Territory | IBA Name |
|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | Bokak Atoll |
| French Polynesia | Hatu iti |
| French Polynesia | Fangataufa |
| French Polynesia | Manuae, Motu One et Maupihaa |
| French Polynesia | Tetiaroa |
| Kiribati | Malden Island |
| Seychelles | Aldabra Special Reserve |
| Indonesia | Pulau Manuk |
| Christmas Island (to Australia) | Christmas Island |
| French Polynesia | Manui, Kamaka, Makaroa |
| French Polynesia | Maria |
| Marshall Islands | Taongi Atoll |
| Micronesia, Federated States of | Wolouna, Ahnd Atoll |
| Chile | Isla Sala y Gómez |
| Kiribati | McKean Island |
| Kiribati | Orona Atoll (Hull Island) |
| Kiribati | Nikumaroro (Gardner Island) |
| Kiribati | Abariranga (Canton) Island |
| Kiribati | Enderbury Island |
| Kiribati | Rawaki (Phoenix Island) |
| Kiribati | Tabuaeran (Fanning Island) |
| Kiribati | Vostok Island |
| Kiribati | Kiritimati (Christmas Island) |
| Kiribati | Millenium (Caroline) Island |
| Fiji | Namenalala |
| American Samoa | National Park of American Samoa - Tutuila |
| French Polynesia | Fatu Hiva |
| French Polynesia | Rimatara |
| French Polynesia | Makatea |
| French Polynesia | Ilots rocheux de Rapa et Marotiri |
| French Polynesia | Morane |
| French Polynesia | Motane (Mohotani) |
| French Polynesia | Moruroa |
| French Polynesia | Tikehau |
| Kiribati | Teraina (Washington Island) |
| French Polynesia | Motu de l'ouest et du sud de Rangiroa |
| French Polynesia | Reitoru |
| French Polynesia | Fatu Huku |
| French Polynesia | Hatuta'a |
| American Samoa | Rose Atoll |
| French Polynesia | Akamaru island |
| French Polynesia | Mangareva |
| French Polynesia | Tahanea |
| French Polynesia | Motu Teiku |
| Kiribati | Starbuck Island |
| French Polynesia | Hiva Oa |
| French Polynesia | Ilots rocheux de Ua Pou |
| French Polynesia | Ilots rocheux de Ua Huka |
| French Polynesia | Bora Bora |
| French Polynesia | Anuanuraro |
| French Polynesia | Fakarava Atolls |
| French Polynesia | Manuhangi |
| French Polynesia | Motutunga |
| French Polynesia | Nukutepipi |
| French Polynesia | Tekokota |
| French Polynesia | Hatu iti |
| USA | Lehua Islet |
| USA | Northwestern Hawaiian Islands |
| Cook Islands | Suwarrow Atoll National Park |
| Indonesia | Pulau Gunung Api |
| USA | Lehua Islet |
| Palau | Ngeriungs, Palau |
| Palau | Fana Island |
| Christmas Island (to Australia) | Christmas Island - Marine |
| Seychelles | Aldabra atoll / Cosmoledo atoll - Marine |
| Indonesia | Pulau Gunung Api - Marine |
| Indonesia | Pulau Manuk - Marine |
| Seychelles | African Banks / Boudeuse island / Etoile island / Marie Louise island - Marine |
| High Seas | Indian Ocean, Western 32 - Marine |
| Micronesia, Federated States of | Gaferut (Faiyew) Island |
| Micronesia, Federated States of | East Fayu |
| Marshall Islands | Bikar Atoll |
| Marshall Islands | Taka Atoll |
| United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | Wake Island |
| United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | Baker Island |
| United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | Howland Island |
| United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | Johnston Atoll |
| United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | Palmyra Atoll |
| United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | Jarvis Island |
| Cook Islands | Takutea Wildlife Sanctuary |
| Cook Islands | Aitutaki |
| Marshall Islands | Bokak Atoll Marine |
| Kiribati | Kiritimati (Christmas Island) Marine |
| Kiribati | Millenium (Caroline) Island Marine |
| Kiribati | Vostok Island Marine |
| Kiribati | Malden Island Marine |
| Kiribati | Flint Island |
| New Caledonia (to France) | Récifs d'Entrecasteaux |
| New Caledonia (to France) | Îles des récifs Bampton et Chesterfield |
| New Caledonia (to France) | Île Hunter |
| New Caledonia (to France) | District de Wetr à Lifou |
| Tonga | Late |
| Tonga | 'Ata Island |
| Vanuatu | Ambrym West |
| Tokelau (to New Zealand) | Atafu |
| Solomon Islands | Kolombangara Upland Forest |
| Solomon Islands | Gizo |
| Solomon Islands | East Rennell |
| Northern Mariana Islands (to USA) | Maug Islands |
| Australia | Bramble Cay |
| Papua New Guinea | Tench Island |
| Wallis and Futuna Islands (to France) | Futuna |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | major | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Pelagic | major | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | major | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | major | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | major | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | major | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | major | resident |
| Marine Oceanic | Epipelagic (0-200m) | major | resident |
| Marine Oceanic | Mesopelagic (200-1000m) | major | resident |
| Shrubland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | breeding |
| Altitude | 0 - 150 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change & severe weather | Temperature extremes | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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| Human intrusions & disturbance | Recreational activities | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | - | - | International | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Fregata minor. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 05/02/2023.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 05/02/2023.
