Forty-spotted Pardalote (Pardalotus quadragintus)

Forty-spotted Pardalote Pardalotus quadragintus

Current view: Data table and detailed info

Taxonomy

Taxonomic source(s)
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

IUCN Red List criteria met and history

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	B2ab(ii,iii,iv,v)	B1ab(ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(ii,iii,iv,v); C2a(i)

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2022	Endangered	B2ab(ii,iii,iv,v)
2016	Endangered	A2ac;B1ab(ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(ii,iii,iv,v);C1
2012	Endangered	A2ac;B1ab(ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(ii,iii,iv,v);C1
2008	Endangered	B1a+b(ii,iii,iv); B2a+b(ii,iii,iv)
2004	Endangered
2000	Endangered
1996	Vulnerable
1994	Vulnerable
1988	Threatened

Species attributes

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type	Land-mass type - shelf island	Average mass	-

Distribution

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km²)	19,500	medium
Area of Occupancy breeding/resident (km²)	200	good
Number of locations	5	-
Severely fragmented?	yes	-

Population and trend

	Value	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Number of mature individuals	1400-11200, 1800	poor	estimated	2020
Population trend	decreasing	medium	estimated	1998-2008
Number of subpopulations	3	-	-	-
Percentage in largest subpopulation	1-89	-	-	-
Generation length (years)	2.17	-	-	-

Population justification: The population estimate is based on an area of functional habitat (Maria Island 20.3 km², Bruny Island and nearby mainland 17.9 km², Flinders Island 3.3 km²; Webb et al. 2019), an average density of 50% white gum within its area of occupancy, mean occupancy estimates for Maria (0.75), Bruny (0.77) and Flinders (0.06) islands (Webb et al. 2019), and a territory size of 1.6 ha (Woinarski and Bulman 1985), giving 1,820 mature individuals (Maria Island 950, Bruny Island and nearby mainland 860, Flinders Island 13). The minimum uses 40% white gum and the minimum site occupancy. The maximum is based on an estimate of 2.7 birds/ha based on 167 detections over three spring surveys (Alves et al. 2019). The species has long been uncommon or rare (Woinarski and Bulman 1985).

Trend justification: The species has declined from an estimated 3,520 individuals in 1986 (Brown 1986, 1989) and 3,840 individuals in 1994–1997 (Bryant 1997) to 1486 birds in 2009 with the largest population on Maria Island (600–900 individuals; Bryant 2010). The main evidence of decline in the last decade is the disappearance from some areas on mainland Tasmania and scarcity on Flinders Island. Viable breeding subpopulations appear to have gone from locations at Taroona, Lime Bay State Reserve, Peter Murrell Reserve, Conningham Peninsula and Flinders Island (Bryant 2010, Bryant & Webb 2014).

Country/territory distribution

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding	Non-breeding	Passage
Australia	extant	native	yes

Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA)

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Australia	Bruny Island
Australia	Maria Island
Australia	Central Flinders Island
Australia	South-east Tasmania

Habitats & altitude

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Temperate	major	resident
Altitude	0 - 1000 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threats & impact

Threat (level 1)

Threat (level 2)

Impact and Stresses

Agriculture & aquaculture

Livestock farming & ranching - Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Minority (<50%)

No decline

Low Impact: 4

Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Biological resource use

Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest]

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Minority (<50%)

Slow, Significant Declines

Low Impact: 5

Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Climate change & severe weather

Droughts

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Whole (>90%)

Slow, Significant Declines

Medium Impact: 7

Stresses
Ecosystem degradation

Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases

Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Dacelo novaeguineae

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Minority (<50%)

Unknown

Stresses
Species mortality

Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases

Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Ovis aries

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Minority (<50%)

No decline

Low Impact: 4

Stresses
Ecosystem degradation

Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases

Problematic native species/diseases

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Majority (50-90%)

Slow, Significant Declines

Medium Impact: 6

Stresses
Competition

Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases

Problematic native species/diseases - Pardalotus striatus

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Unknown

Stresses
Competition

Natural system modifications

Fire & fire suppression - Increase in fire frequency/intensity

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Majority (50-90%)

Slow, Significant Declines

Medium Impact: 6

Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion, Species mortality

Residential & commercial development

Housing & urban areas

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Minority (<50%)

No decline

Low Impact: 4

Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Pardalotus quadragintus. Downloaded from http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/forty-spotted-pardalote-pardalotus-quadragintus on 28/09/2023. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://datazone.birdlife.org on 28/09/2023.