• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Balmaki, B. and Barati, A. 2006. Harvesting status of migratory waterfowl in northern Iran: a case study from Gilan Province. In: Boere, G., Galbraith, C. and Stroud, D. (eds), Waterbirds around the world, pp. 868-869. The Stationary Office, Edinburgh, UK.

BirdLife International. 2015. European Red List of Birds. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.

Bregnballe, T.; Noer, H.; Christensen, T.K.; Clausen, P.; Asferg, T.; Fox, A.D.; Delany, S. 2006. Sustainable hunting of migratory waterbirds: the Danish approach. In: G. Boere, C. Galbraith and D. Stroud (eds), Waterbirds around the world, pp. 854-860. The Stationery Office, Edinburgh, U.K.

Brown, L.H., Urban, E.K. and Newman, K. 1982. The Birds of Africa, Volume I. Academic Press, London.

Cramp, S.; Simmons, K. E. L. 1977. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic, vol. I: ostriches to ducks. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

del Hoyo, J., Elliot, A. and Sargatal, J. 1992. Handbook of the Birds of the World, Vol. 1: Ostrich to Ducks. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain.

Grishanov, D. 2006. Conservation problems of migratory waterfowl and shorebirds and their habitats in the Kaliningrad region of Russia. In: G. Boere, C. Galbraith and D Stroud (eds), Waterbirds around the world, pp. 356. The Stationary Office, Edinburgh, U.K.

Gudmundsson, F. 1979. The past status and exploitation of the Myvatn waterfowl populations. Oikos 32(1-2): 232-249.

Jacobsen, O. W. 1993. Use of feeding habitats by breeding Eurasian wigeon. Canadian Journal of Zoology 71(5): 1046-1054.

Jacobsen, O. W.; Ugelvik, M. 1998. Nest habitat of Eurasian Wigeon Anas Penelope in SW Norway. Fauna (Oslo) 51(3): 89-93.

Johnsgard, P.A. 1978. Ducks, geese and swans of the World. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln and London.

Jonassen, C. M.; Handeland, K. 2007. Avian influenza virus screening in wild waterfowl in Norway, 2005. Avian Diseases 51(1): 425-428.

Kauhala, K. 2004. Removal of medium-sized predators and the breeding success of ducks in Finland. Folia Zoologica 53(4): 367-378.

Kear, J. 2005. Ducks, geese and swans volume 2: species accounts (Cairina to Mergus). Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K.

Kretchmar, A. V. 1994. Eurasian wigeon (Anas penelope) in north-eastern Asia. Zoologichesky Zhurnal 73(5): 68-79.

Madge, S.; Burn, H. 1988. Wildfowl. Christopher Helm, London.

Mathers, R. G.; Watson, S.; Stone, R.; Montgomery, W. I. 2000. A study of the impact of human disturbance on Wigeon Anas penelope and Brent Geese Branta bernicla hrota on an Irish sea loch. Wildfowl 51: 67-81.

Melville, D.S. and Shortridge, K.F. 2006. Migratory waterbirds and avian influenza in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway with particular reference to the 2003-2004 H5N1 outbreak. In: G. Boere, C. Galbraith and D. Stroud (eds), Waterbirds around the world, pp. 432-438. The Stationery Office, Edinburgh, U.K.

Mochizuki, M.; Mori, M.; Akinaga, M.; Yugami, K.; Oya, C.; Hondo, R.; Ueda, F. 2005. Thallium contamination in wild ducks in Japan. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 41(3): 664-668.

Mondain-Monval, J.Y., Desnouhes, L. and Taris, J.P. 2002. Lead shot ingestion in waterbirds in the Camargue, (France). Game and Wildlife Science 19(3): 237-246.

Myrfyn, O.; Thomas, G. J. 1979. The feeding ecology and conservation of wigeon wintering at the Ouse Washes, England. Journal of Applied Ecology 16: 795-809.

Scott, D. A.; Rose, P. M. 1996. Atlas of Anatidae populations in Africa and western Eurasia. Wetlands International, Wageningen, Netherlands.

Vaananen, V. M. 2001. Hunting disturbance and the timing of autumn migration in Anas species. Wildlife Biology 7(1): 3-9.

Wetlands International. 2015. Waterbird Population Estimates. Available at: wpe.wetlands.org. (Accessed: 17/09/2015).

IUCN SSC Duck Specialist Group

Detailed species account from Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status (BirdLife International 2004)

Detailed species account from European Red List of Birds (BirdLife International 2015)

Search for photos and videos, and hear sounds of this species from the Macaulay Library

View photos and videos and hear sounds of this species from the Internet Bird Collection

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Mareca penelope. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 22/03/2023. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 22/03/2023.