• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note
Remiz macronyx has been lumped with Eurasian Penduline-tit R. pendulinus, after detailed molecular analysis (Barani-Beiranvand et al. 2017) suggested that there is very little difference between the forms and that R. pendulinus/macronyx, R. coronatus and R. consobrinus form three independent evolutionary lineages.

Further support for the two superficial distinctive types actually belonging to a single species can be found in the taxonomic notes in the Checklist, which mention taxa (bostanjogli, loudoni and altaicus) now known to be hybrids between the two species, while R. m. ssaposhnikowi is so variable that it, too, is probably better considered a hybrid, and the race R. p. caspius is admitted as possibly better belonging with R. macronyx. Such taxonomic uncertainty suggests a boundary between the two species so porous that the only reasonable course is to treat them as one. 

Taxonomic source(s)
Barani‐Beiranvand, H., Aliabadian, M., Irestedt, M., Qu, Y., Darvish, J., Székely, T., Van Dijk, R.E. and Ericson, P.G. 2017. Phylogeny of penduline tits inferred from mitochondrial and microsatellite genotyping. Journal of avian biology 48(7): 932-940.
Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International. 2019. Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 4. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v4_Dec19.zip.

Population justification: An estimate combining various basic regional summaries in Madge (2019) would put the global population at over 1,400,000. This excludes the subspecies R. p. macronyx, so it is preliminarily used here as a minimum estimate.

Trend justification: The population is estimated to be increasing following substantial recorded range expansions and only minor range contractions (Harrap and Quinn 1996). In many cases, human disturbance has provided more habitat through, for example, the creation of fish farms and lakes through mining subsidence (Madge 2019). Historical declines of the subspecies macronyx through agricultural changes in central Asia and the disappearance of the Aral Sea are thought to have been significant (Madge 2019).

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Remiz pendulinus. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 31/03/2023. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 31/03/2023.