Data Zone
Taxonomic note
Oriolus oriolus and O. kundoo (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as O. oriolus following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977-1994), Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).
Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | High |
| Land mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 26,600,000 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 11,500,000 | medium |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Severely Fragmented | - |
| Value | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | 17000000-31999999 | poor | estimated | 2012 |
| Population trend | Stable | suspected | - | |
| Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | - | - | - | |
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Percentage in largest subpopulation | - | - | - | |
| Generation length (yrs) | 3.7 | - | - | - |
Population justification: In Europe, the breeding population is estimated to number 4,370,000-8,020,000 pairs, which equates to 8,740,000-16,000,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015). Europe forms >50% of the global range, so a very preliminary estimate of the global population size is 17,480,000-32,000,000 mature individuals, although further validation of this estimate is needed.
Trend justification: This population is suspected to be stable overall, with the European population trend stable between 1982 and 2013 (EBCC 2015).
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albania | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Algeria | N | Extant | ||||
| Andorra | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Angola | N | Extant | ||||
| Armenia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Austria | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Azerbaijan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bahrain | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Belarus | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Belgium | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Benin | V | Extant | ||||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Botswana | N | Extant | ||||
| Bulgaria | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Burkina Faso | N | Extant | ||||
| Burundi | N | Extant | ||||
| Cameroon | N | Extant | ||||
| Central African Republic | N | Extant | ||||
| Chad | N | Extant | ||||
| China (mainland) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Comoros | N | Extant | ||||
| Congo | V | Extant | ||||
| Congo, The Democratic Republic of the | N | Extant | ||||
| Côte d'Ivoire | N | Extant | ||||
| Croatia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Cyprus | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Czechia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Denmark | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Djibouti | N | Extant | ||||
| Egypt | N | Extant | ||||
| Equatorial Guinea | N | Extant | ||||
| Eritrea | N | Extant | ||||
| Estonia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Eswatini | N | Extant | ||||
| Ethiopia | N | Extant | ||||
| Faroe Islands (to Denmark) | V | Extant | ||||
| Finland | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| France | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Gabon | V | Extant | ||||
| Gambia | N | Extant | ||||
| Georgia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Germany | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Gibraltar (to UK) | N | Extant | ||||
| Greece | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Guinea | N | Extant | ||||
| Guinea-Bissau | N | Extant | ||||
| Hungary | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Iceland | V | Extant | ||||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Iraq | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Ireland | V | Extant | ||||
| Israel | N | Extant | ||||
| Italy | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Jordan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Kazakhstan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Kenya | N | Extant | ||||
| Kuwait | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Latvia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Lebanon | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Lesotho | V | Extant | ||||
| Liberia | N | Extant | ||||
| Libya | N | Extant | ||||
| Liechtenstein | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Lithuania | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Luxembourg | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Madagascar | V | Extant | ||||
| Malawi | N | Extant | ||||
| Maldives | N | Extant | ||||
| Mali | V | Extant | ||||
| Malta | N | Extant | ||||
| Mauritania | N | Extant | ||||
| Mayotte (to France) | N | Extant | ||||
| Moldova | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Mongolia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Montenegro | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Morocco | N | Extant | ||||
| Mozambique | N | Extant | ||||
| Namibia | N | Extant | ||||
| Netherlands | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Niger | V | Extant | ||||
| Nigeria | N | Extant | ||||
| North Macedonia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Norway | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Oman | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Pakistan | N | Extant | ||||
| Palestine | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Poland | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Portugal | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Qatar | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Romania | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia (Asian) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia (Central Asian) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia (European) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Rwanda | N | Extant | ||||
| São Tomé e Príncipe | V | Extant | ||||
| Saudi Arabia | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Senegal | N | Extant | ||||
| Serbia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Seychelles | V | Extant | ||||
| Sierra Leone | N | Extant | ||||
| Slovakia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Slovenia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Somalia | N | Extant | ||||
| South Africa | N | Extant | ||||
| South Sudan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Spain | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Sri Lanka | N | Extant | ||||
| Sudan | N | Extant | ||||
| Sweden | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Switzerland | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Syria | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Tanzania | N | Extant | ||||
| Togo | N | Extant | ||||
| Tunisia | N | Extant | ||||
| Turkey | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Uganda | N | Extant | ||||
| Ukraine | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| United Arab Emirates | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| United Kingdom | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Uzbekistan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Western Sahara | N | Extant | ||||
| Yemen | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Zambia | N | Extant | ||||
| Zimbabwe | N | Extant |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Rural Gardens | suitable | breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Rural Gardens | suitable | non-breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Urban Areas | suitable | breeding |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | breeding |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane | major | non-breeding |
| Forest | Temperate | major | breeding |
| Savanna | Dry | suitable | non-breeding |
| Shrubland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | non-breeding |
| Altitude | 0 - 2400 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food - human | - | - | Non-trivial | Recent | ||
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | - | - | International | Non-trivial | Recent | |
| Sport hunting/specimen collecting | - | - | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2022) Species factsheet: Oriolus oriolus. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 03/07/2022.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2022) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 03/07/2022.
