• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: #http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of _the_WP15.xls#.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: #http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm#.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
D	D	D1

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2019	Critically Endangered	D
2018	Critically Endangered	D
2016	Critically Endangered	D
2015	Critically Endangered	D
2012	Critically Endangered	D
2009	Critically Endangered	D1
2008	Critically Endangered
2004	Critically Endangered
2000	Critically Endangered
1996	Critically Endangered
1994	Critically Endangered
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	full migrant	Forest dependency	Does not normally occur in forest
Land mass type	Land-mass type - continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Number of locations		-
Fragmentation		-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
No. of mature individuals	0-49	poor	estimated	2019
Population trend	Unknown		not applicable	-
Decline (3 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (5 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation future)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future)		-	-	-
Number of subpopulations		-	-	-
Largest subpopulations		-	-	-
Generation length (yrs)	10.1	-	-	-

Population justification: Any remaining population is assumed to be tiny (numbering fewer than 50 individuals and mature individuals), as there have been no confirmed sightings since the early 1960s.

Trend justification: The population trend of this species is unknown since the last confirmed sightings of this species occurred in the early 1960s.

Country/Territory	Occurrence status	Presence	Resident	Breeding	Non-breeding	Passage
Argentina	N	Possibly Extinct			Yes
Barbados	N	Possibly Extinct			Yes	Yes
Bermuda (to UK)	V	Extinct
Bolivia	V	Possibly Extinct
Brazil	N	Possibly Extinct			Yes	Yes
Canada	N	Possibly Extinct		Yes		Yes
Chile	N	Possibly Extinct			Yes
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)	V	Extinct
Greenland (to Denmark)	V	Extinct
Grenada	V	Extinct
Guadeloupe (to France)	V	Extinct
Guatemala	V	Extinct
Iceland	V	Extinct
Ireland	V	Extinct
Mexico	N	Possibly Extinct				Yes
Paraguay	N	Possibly Extinct				Yes
Puerto Rico (to USA)	V	Extinct
Russia	V	Extinct
Russia (Asian)	V	Extinct
St Vincent and the Grenadines	V	Extinct
Trinidad and Tobago	V	Possibly Extinct
United Kingdom	V	Extinct
Uruguay	N	Possibly Extinct			Yes
USA	N	Possibly Extinct				Yes
Virgin Islands (to USA)	V	Extinct

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Canada	Anderson River Delta
St Vincent and the Grenadines	Ashton Wetland
St Vincent and the Grenadines	Mustique Island

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Grassland	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	major	non-breeding
Grassland	Tundra	major	breeding
Altitude	0 - 350 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Unknown		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Unknown		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Unlikely to Return		Unknown		Unknown		Past Impact
		Stresses Species mortality
Climate change & severe weather	Habitat shifting & alteration	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Whole (>90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Indirect ecosystem effects, Ecosystem degradation
Energy production & mining	Mining & quarrying	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Unknown		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Primary form used	Life stage used	Source	Scale	Level	Timing
Food - human	-	-			Non-trivial	Recent
Pets/display animals, horticulture	-	-		International	Non-trivial	Recent
Sport hunting/specimen collecting	-	-			Non-trivial	Recent

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2020) Species factsheet: Numenius borealis. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 28/05/2020. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2020) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 28/05/2020.