Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: #http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of _the_WP15.xls#.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: #http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm#.
Turbott, E.G. 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | does not normally occur in forest |
| Land mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 51,200,000 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 185,000,000 | medium |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Severely Fragmented | - |
| Value | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | poor | estimated | 2012 | |
| Population trend | decreasing | suspected | - | |
| Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | - | - | - | |
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Percentage in largest subpopulation | - | - | - | |
| Generation length (yrs) | 8.1 | - | - | - |
Population justification: The global population is estimated to number c.4,295,000-6,800,000 individuals (Wetlands International 2015). The European population is estimated at 426,000-562,000 pairs, which equates to 853,000-1,120,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015). National population estimates include: < c.10,000 individuals on migration and > c.10,000 wintering individuals in China; > c.1,000 individuals on migration and > c.1,000 wintering individuals in Taiwan; > c.1,000 individuals on migration and c.50-1,000 wintering individuals in Korea; > c.1,000 individuals on migration and c.50-10,000 wintering individuals in Japan and c.10,000-100,000 breeding pairs and c.1,000-10,000 individuals on migration in Russia (Brazil 2009). The population is therefore placed in the band 4,300,000-6,799,999 individuals.
Trend justification: The overall population trend is decreasing, although some populations are stable or have unknown trends (Wetlands International 2015). This species has had stable population trends over the last 40 years in North America (data from Breeding Bird Survey and/or Christmas Bird Count: Butcher and Niven 2007). The European population size trend is unknown (BirdLife International 2015).
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Albania | extant | native | yes | |||
| Algeria | extant | native | ||||
| Antigua and Barbuda | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Armenia | extant | native | ||||
| Australia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Austria | extant | native | yes | |||
| Azerbaijan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bahamas | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Bahrain | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Bangladesh | extant | native | ||||
| Barbados | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Belarus | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Belgium | extant | native | yes | |||
| Belize | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Benin | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Bermuda (to UK) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Brunei | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Bulgaria | extant | native | yes | |||
| Burkina Faso | extant | native | ||||
| Burundi | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Cameroon | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Canada | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Cape Verde | extant | native | ||||
| Cayman Islands (to UK) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Chad | extant | vagrant | ||||
| China (mainland) | extant | native | ||||
| Congo, The Democratic Republic of the | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Costa Rica | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Côte d'Ivoire | extant | native | ||||
| Croatia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Cuba | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Cyprus | extant | native | yes | |||
| Czechia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Denmark | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Djibouti | extant | native | ||||
| Dominica | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Dominican Republic | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Ecuador | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Egypt | extant | native | ||||
| Eritrea | extant | native | ||||
| Estonia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Ethiopia | extant | native | ||||
| Faroe Islands (to Denmark) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Finland | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| France | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| French Guiana | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Gambia | extant | native | ||||
| Georgia | extant | native | ||||
| Germany | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Ghana | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Gibraltar (to UK) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Greece | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Greenland (to Denmark) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Guadeloupe (to France) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Guam (to USA) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Guatemala | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Guinea | extant | native | ||||
| Guinea-Bissau | extant | native | ||||
| Hong Kong (China) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Hungary | extant | native | ||||
| Iceland | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| India | extant | native | ||||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Iraq | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Ireland | extant | native | yes | |||
| Israel | extant | native | ||||
| Italy | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Jamaica | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Japan | extant | native | ||||
| Jordan | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Kazakhstan | extant | native | ||||
| Kenya | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Kuwait | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Kyrgyzstan | extant | native | ||||
| Laos | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Latvia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Lebanon | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Liberia | extant | native | ||||
| Libya | extant | native | ||||
| Liechtenstein | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Lithuania | extant | native | yes | |||
| Luxembourg | extant | native | ||||
| Malaysia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Maldives | extant | native | ||||
| Mali | extant | native | ||||
| Malta | extant | native | ||||
| Martinique (to France) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Mauritania | extant | native | ||||
| Mexico | extant | native | ||||
| Micronesia, Federated States of | extant | native | yes | |||
| Moldova | extant | native | ||||
| Mongolia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Montenegro | extant | native | yes | |||
| Montserrat (to UK) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Morocco | extant | native | ||||
| Nepal | extant | native | ||||
| Netherlands | extant | native | yes | |||
| New Zealand | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Nicaragua | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Niger | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Nigeria | extant | vagrant | ||||
| North Korea | extant | native | ||||
| North Macedonia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Northern Mariana Islands (to USA) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Norway | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Oman | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Pakistan | extant | native | ||||
| Palau | extant | native | yes | |||
| Palestine | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Panama | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Paraguay | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Peru | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Philippines | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Poland | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Portugal | extant | native | yes | |||
| Puerto Rico (to USA) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Qatar | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Romania | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Russia | extant | native | yes | yes | yes | |
| Russia (Asian) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Russia (Central Asian) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Russia (European) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Saudi Arabia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Senegal | extant | native | ||||
| Serbia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Sierra Leone | extant | native | ||||
| Singapore | extant | native | ||||
| Slovakia | extant | native | ||||
| Slovenia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Somalia | extant | native | ||||
| South Korea | extant | native | ||||
| South Sudan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Spain | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Sri Lanka | extant | native | ||||
| St Kitts and Nevis | extant | vagrant | ||||
| St Lucia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| St Pierre and Miquelon (to France) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| St Vincent and the Grenadines | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Sudan | extant | native | ||||
| Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (to Norway) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Sweden | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Switzerland | extant | native | yes | |||
| Syria | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Taiwan, China | extant | native | ||||
| Tajikistan | extant | native | ||||
| Thailand | extant | native | ||||
| Togo | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Tunisia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Turkey | extant | native | yes | |||
| Turkmenistan | extant | native | ||||
| Turks and Caicos Islands (to UK) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Uganda | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Ukraine | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| United Arab Emirates | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| United Kingdom | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | extant | uncertain | ||||
| USA | extant | native | yes | |||
| Uzbekistan | extant | native | ||||
| Venezuela | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Vietnam | extant | native | yes | |||
| Virgin Islands (to UK) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Virgin Islands (to USA) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Western Sahara | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Yemen | extant | native | yes | yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Salt Exploitation Sites | suitable | non-breeding |
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Wastewater Treatment Areas | suitable | non-breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | non-breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Pastureland | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Coastal Freshwater Lakes | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Mud Flats and Salt Flats | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Salt Marshes (Emergent Grasses) | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Estuaries | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Tundra Wetlands (incl. pools and temporary waters from snowmelt) | suitable | breeding |
| Altitude | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Wood & pulp plantations - Scale Unknown/Unrecorded | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Future | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 3 | ||||||
|
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| Biological resource use | Gathering terrestrial plants - Unintentional effects (species is not the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Climate change & severe weather | Habitat shifting & alteration | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Future | Whole (>90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Human intrusions & disturbance | Recreational activities | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Human intrusions & disturbance | War, civil unrest & military exercises | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Named species | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Viral/prion-induced diseases - Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1 subtype) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Past, Unlikely to Return | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Past Impact | ||||||
|
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| Natural system modifications | Dams & water management/use - Abstraction of ground water (agricultural use) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Future | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 3 | ||||||
|
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| Natural system modifications | Other ecosystem modifications | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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| Pollution | Industrial & military effluents - Oil spills | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Past, Likely to Return | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Past Impact | ||||||
|
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| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | - | - | international | non-trivial | recent | |
| Sport hunting/specimen collecting | - | - | non-trivial | recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Calidris alpina. Downloaded from
http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/dunlin-calidris-alpina on 04/06/2023.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://datazone.birdlife.org on 04/06/2023.
