Data Zone
Taxonomic note
Junco hyemalis and J. insularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as J. hyemalis following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994).
Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Least Concern | |
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Not Recognised | |
| 2008 | Not Recognised | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | Medium |
| Land mass type | Average mass | 20 g |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 20,500,000 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 17,900,000 | medium |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Severely Fragmented | - |
| Value | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | 220000000 | poor | estimated | 2019 |
| Population trend | Decreasing | estimated | - | |
| Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | - | - | - | |
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Percentage in largest subpopulation | - | - | - |
Population justification: The global population is estimated to number 220 million mature individuals (Partners in Flight 2019).
Trend justification: The species has been undergoing a moderate decline at an average rate of 1.3% per year between 1970 and 2017 (Partners in Flight 2019). Short-term trends suggest that the population declined by 15% over the past ten years (Pardieck et al. 2018).
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahamas | V | Extant | ||||
| Bermuda (to UK) | V | Extant | ||||
| Canada | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Cayman Islands (to UK) | V | Extant | ||||
| Mexico | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Puerto Rico (to USA) | V | Extant | ||||
| St Pierre and Miquelon (to France) | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Turks and Caicos Islands (to UK) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| USA | N | Extant | Yes | Yes |
| Country/Territory | IBA Name |
|---|---|
| Canada | Prince Edward County South Shore |
| Canada | Brier Island and Offshore Waters |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Rural Gardens | suitable | non-breeding |
| Forest | Boreal | suitable | breeding |
| Forest | Temperate | suitable | breeding |
| Shrubland | Temperate | suitable | non-breeding |
| Altitude | 2600 - 3000 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | - | - | International | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Junco hyemalis. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 29/03/2023.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 29/03/2023.
