Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: #http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of _the_WP15.xls#.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: #http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm#.
Turbott, E.G. 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington.
Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
---|---|---|
- | - | - |
Year | Category | Criteria |
---|---|---|
2016 | Near Threatened | A4abc |
2015 | Near Threatened | A4abc |
2012 | Least Concern | |
2009 | Least Concern | |
2008 | Least Concern | |
2004 | Least Concern | |
2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | does not normally occur in forest |
Land-mass type | Average mass | - |
Estimate | Data quality | |
---|---|---|
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 3,050,000 km2 | medium |
Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 139,000,000 km2 | medium |
Severely fragmented? | no | - |
Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Population size | unknown | poor | estimated | 2012 |
Population trend | decreasing | - | estimated | 2005-2028 |
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 20-29% | - | - | - |
Generation length | 7.6 years | - | - | - |
Population justification: The global population is estimated to number c.1,085,000-1,285,000 individuals (Wetlands International 2015). The minimum European population in winter is estimated at 1,000-1,800 individuals, which equates to 690-1,200 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015). The population wintering in West Africa is estimated at 350,000-450,000 individuals (van Roomen et al. 2015). The East Asian-Australasian Flyway population has been estimated at 90,000 individuals (Hansen et al. 2016).
Trend justification: Population trends are very difficult to determine for this species, however overall it is suspected to be declining. The population wintering in south-west Asia, the Middle East and east and southern Africa is estimated to have undergone a moderate long-term increase and a large decline in the short-term (since c. 2007) (Nagy et al. 2014, M. Taylor in litt. 2015). However the data had limited coverage, particularly in the Red Sea and southern Gulf. A wintering population of c. 45,000 individuals at Walvis Bay and Sandwich Harbour in Namibia was stable between 1990 and 2013 (Simmons et al. 2015).
In West Africa count data show the population experienced a short-term decline between 2003 and 2014 and a long-term decline between 1979 and 2014 (32.9% decline over three generations (23 years)) (van Roomen et al. 2014). At Banc d'Arguin (Mauritania) and Bijagos (Guinea Bissau), the strongholds of the West African wintering population, the population has been decreasing (M. van Roomen in litt. 2015). However Dodman (2014) did not find a population decline, instead suggesting that the population was continuing to increase. This population trend is therefore uncertain. The population trend in the south Asian wintering population is unknown (Wetlands International 2015). Approximately 11-12% of the global population uses the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. An analysis of monitoring data from around Australia and New Zealand estimated the population had declined by 80.5% in three generations (Studds et al. in prep.). The decline observed in Australia may be representative of the whole flyway, however Amano et al. (2010) found no clear trend between 1978 and 2008.
Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | extant | native | yes | |||
Albania | extant | native | yes | |||
Algeria | extant | native | ||||
Angola | extant | native | ||||
Anguilla (to UK) | extant | vagrant | ||||
Antigua and Barbuda | extant | vagrant | ||||
Armenia | extant | native | ||||
Australia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Austria | extant | native | ||||
Azerbaijan | extant | native | yes | |||
Bahrain | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Bangladesh | extant | native | yes | |||
Barbados | extant | native | ||||
Belarus | extant | native | ||||
Belgium | extant | native | ||||
Benin | extant | native | yes | |||
Bermuda (to UK) | extant | vagrant | ||||
Bhutan | extant | vagrant | ||||
Bosnia and Herzegovina | extant | native | ||||
Botswana | extant | native | ||||
British Indian Ocean Territory | extant | native | ||||
Brunei | extant | native | ||||
Bulgaria | extant | native | yes | |||
Burkina Faso | extant | native | ||||
Burundi | extant | native | ||||
Cambodia | extant | native | ||||
Cameroon | extant | native | ||||
Canada | extant | vagrant | ||||
Cape Verde | extant | native | ||||
Central African Republic | extant | native | ||||
Chad | extant | native | ||||
China (mainland) | extant | native | yes | |||
Christmas Island (to Australia) | extant | native | ||||
Comoros | extant | native | ||||
Congo | extant | native | ||||
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the | extant | native | ||||
Costa Rica | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
Côte d'Ivoire | extant | native | ||||
Croatia | extant | native | yes | |||
Cyprus | extant | native | ||||
Czechia | extant | native | ||||
Denmark | extant | native | yes | |||
Djibouti | extant | native | ||||
Dominica | extant | vagrant | ||||
Ecuador | extant | vagrant | ||||
Egypt | extant | native | ||||
Equatorial Guinea | extant | native | yes | |||
Eritrea | extant | native | ||||
Estonia | extant | native | ||||
Eswatini | extant | native | ||||
Ethiopia | extant | native | ||||
Finland | extant | native | yes | |||
France | extant | native | yes | |||
French Southern Territories | extant | vagrant | ||||
Gabon | extant | native | ||||
Gambia | extant | native | ||||
Georgia | extant | native | ||||
Germany | extant | native | yes | |||
Ghana | extant | native | ||||
Gibraltar (to UK) | extant | vagrant | ||||
Greece | extant | native | yes | |||
Grenada | extant | vagrant | ||||
Guadeloupe (to France) | extant | vagrant | ||||
Guam (to USA) | extant | native | yes | |||
Guinea | extant | native | ||||
Guinea-Bissau | extant | native | ||||
Hong Kong (China) | extant | native | yes | |||
Hungary | extant | native | ||||
Iceland | extant | vagrant | ||||
India | extant | native | ||||
Indonesia | extant | native | yes | |||
Iran, Islamic Republic of | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Iraq | extant | native | yes | |||
Ireland | extant | native | ||||
Israel | extant | native | ||||
Italy | extant | native | yes | |||
Japan | extant | native | yes | |||
Jordan | extant | native | yes | |||
Kazakhstan | extant | native | ||||
Kenya | extant | native | ||||
Kuwait | extant | native | yes | |||
Kyrgyzstan | extant | native | ||||
Laos | extant | vagrant | ||||
Latvia | extant | native | ||||
Lebanon | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Lesotho | extant | vagrant | ||||
Liberia | extant | native | ||||
Libya | extant | native | ||||
Luxembourg | extant | vagrant | ||||
Madagascar | extant | native | ||||
Malawi | extant | native | ||||
Malaysia | extant | native | yes | |||
Maldives | extant | native | ||||
Mali | extant | native | ||||
Malta | extant | native | ||||
Marshall Islands | extant | vagrant | ||||
Martinique (to France) | extant | vagrant | ||||
Mauritania | extant | native | ||||
Mauritius | extant | native | ||||
Mayotte (to France) | extant | native | ||||
Mexico | extant | vagrant | ||||
Micronesia, Federated States of | extant | native | yes | |||
Moldova | extant | native | ||||
Mongolia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Montenegro | extant | native | ||||
Montserrat (to UK) | extant | vagrant | ||||
Morocco | extant | native | ||||
Mozambique | extant | native | ||||
Myanmar | extant | native | yes | |||
Namibia | extant | native | ||||
Nepal | extant | native | ||||
Netherlands | extant | native | yes | |||
New Caledonia (to France) | extant | native | ||||
New Zealand | extant | native | yes | |||
Niger | extant | native | ||||
Nigeria | extant | native | ||||
North Macedonia | extant | native | ||||
Norway | extant | native | yes | |||
Oman | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Pakistan | extant | native | ||||
Palau | extant | native | yes | |||
Palestine | extant | native | yes | |||
Papua New Guinea | extant | native | yes | |||
Peru | extant | vagrant | ||||
Philippines | extant | native | yes | |||
Poland | extant | native | yes | |||
Portugal | extant | native | yes | |||
Puerto Rico (to USA) | extant | vagrant | ||||
Qatar | extant | native | yes | |||
Réunion (to France) | extant | native | ||||
Romania | extant | native | yes | |||
Russia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Russia (Asian) | extant | native | yes | |||
Russia (Central Asian) | extant | native | yes | |||
Russia (European) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Rwanda | extant | native | ||||
São Tomé e Príncipe | extant | vagrant | ||||
Saudi Arabia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Senegal | extant | native | ||||
Serbia | extant | native | ||||
Seychelles | extant | native | ||||
Sierra Leone | extant | native | ||||
Singapore | extant | native | yes | |||
Slovakia | extant | native | ||||
Solomon Islands | extant | native | ||||
Somalia | extant | native | ||||
South Africa | extant | native | ||||
South Korea | extant | native | yes | |||
South Sudan | extant | native | yes | |||
Spain | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Sri Lanka | extant | native | yes | |||
St Kitts and Nevis | extant | vagrant | ||||
St Lucia | extant | vagrant | ||||
St Pierre and Miquelon (to France) | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
St Vincent and the Grenadines | extant | vagrant | ||||
Sudan | extant | native | ||||
Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (to Norway) | extant | vagrant | ||||
Sweden | extant | native | yes | |||
Switzerland | extant | native | ||||
Syria | extant | native | yes | |||
Taiwan, China | extant | native | yes | |||
Tajikistan | extant | native | ||||
Tanzania | extant | native | ||||
Thailand | extant | native | yes | |||
Timor-Leste | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Togo | extant | native | ||||
Trinidad and Tobago | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
Tunisia | extant | native | yes | |||
Türkiye | extant | native | ||||
Turkmenistan | extant | native | ||||
Uganda | extant | native | ||||
Ukraine | extant | native | yes | |||
United Arab Emirates | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
United Kingdom | extant | native | yes | |||
USA | extant | native | yes | |||
Uzbekistan | extant | native | ||||
Vietnam | extant | native | ||||
Virgin Islands (to UK) | extant | vagrant | ||||
Western Sahara | extant | native | ||||
Yemen | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Zambia | extant | native | ||||
Zimbabwe | extant | native |
Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
---|---|---|---|
Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Irrigated Land (includes irrigation channels) | suitable | non-breeding |
Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Salt Exploitation Sites | suitable | non-breeding |
Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Seasonally Flooded Agricultural Land | suitable | non-breeding |
Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Water Storage Areas (over 8ha) | suitable | non-breeding |
Grassland | Tundra | major | breeding |
Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Mud Flats and Salt Flats | major | non-breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Rocky Shoreline | suitable | breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Rocky Shoreline | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc | suitable | breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Shingle and/or Pebble Shoreline and/or Beaches | suitable | breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Shingle and/or Pebble Shoreline and/or Beaches | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Tidepools | suitable | breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Tidepools | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Back Slope | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Foreslope (Outer Reef Slope) | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Inter-Reef Rubble Substrate | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Inter-Reef Soft Substrate | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Lagoon | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Outer Reef Channel | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Estuaries | suitable | non-breeding |
Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | suitable | non-breeding |
Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Lakes | suitable | non-breeding |
Wetlands (inland) | Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | suitable | non-breeding |
Wetlands (inland) | Tundra Wetlands (incl. pools and temporary waters from snowmelt) | major | breeding |
Altitude | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Agriculture & aquaculture | Marine & freshwater aquaculture - Industrial aquaculture | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Biological resource use | Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Biological resource use | Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Climate change & severe weather | Droughts | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Climate change & severe weather | Habitat shifting & alteration | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Future | Whole (>90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Human intrusions & disturbance | Recreational activities | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Clostridium botulinum | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Future | Minority (<50%) | Rapid Declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Viral/prion-induced diseases - Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1 subtype) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Future | Minority (<50%) | Rapid Declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Natural system modifications | Dams & water management/use - Abstraction of surface water (commercial use) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Natural system modifications | Dams & water management/use - Abstraction of surface water (unknown use) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Natural system modifications | Dams & water management/use - Dams (size unknown) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Natural system modifications | Other ecosystem modifications | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Residential & commercial development | Commercial & industrial areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Residential & commercial development | Housing & urban areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Transportation & service corridors | Roads & railroads | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food - human | - | - | non-trivial | recent | ||
Sport hunting/specimen collecting | - | - | non-trivial | recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Calidris ferruginea. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/curlew-sandpiper-calidris-ferruginea on 19/03/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org on 19/03/2024.