• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Climate Change maps
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	C2a(i)

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2022	Near Threatened	C2a(i)
2016	Vulnerable	C2a(i)
2013	Vulnerable	C2a(i)
2012	Vulnerable	C2a(i)
2008	Vulnerable	C2a(i)
2006	Vulnerable
2004	Vulnerable
2000	Vulnerable
1996	Vulnerable
1994	Vulnerable
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	High
Land mass type	Land-mass type - continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2)	788,000	medium
Number of locations		-
Severely Fragmented		-

	Value	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
No. of mature individuals	2500-9999	poor	suspected	2000
Population trend	Decreasing	medium	inferred	-
Decline (3 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (5 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation future)	10-19	-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future)	10-19	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	2-100	-	-	-
Percentage in largest subpopulation	1-89	-	-	-
Generation length (yrs)	7.6	-	-	-

Population justification: The population size is suspected to fall into the band 2,500-9,999 mature individuals. This equates to 3,750-14,999 individuals, rounded here to 3,500-15,000 individuals. In 2004-2005, fieldwork in Salonga National Park gave a sighting rate of one individual every 9.03 km. Research between 1993 and 1995 at 65 sites across eastern DRC found the species had been extirpated from 16, and considered seriously threatened at 19, while at 12 they were reported as locally common (Hart and Upoki 1997).

Trend justification: The population is inferred to be in decline owing to habitat loss due to mining, subsistence agriculture and logging at several locations (Hart and Upoki 1997), and hunting pressure (E. Mulotwa in litt. 2007). Tree cover loss within the range is currently estimated at 8% across three generations (Global Forest Watch 2021, using Hansen et al. [2013] data and methods disclosed therein). Hunting pressure appears to be higher than expected (E. Mulotwa in litt. 2007) and therefore, declines are suspected to be between 10 and 19%. However, future declines will depend in part on negotiations on the future level of forest exploitation (E. Mulotwa in litt. 2007).

Country/Territory	Occurrence status	Presence	Resident	Breeding	Non-breeding	Passage
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the	N	Extant	Yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the	Salonga National Park
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the	Lomako - Yekokora
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the	Okapi Faunal Reserve
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the	Maiko National Park
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the	Forests west of Lake Edward
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the	Kahuzi-Biega National Park
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the	Itombwe Mountains
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the	Tayna Nature Reserve
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the	Irangi Forest

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Altitude	0 - 1200 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Unintentional effects (species is not the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Causing/Could cause fluctuations		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Energy production & mining	Mining & quarrying	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Human intrusions & disturbance	War, civil unrest & military exercises	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion, Species mortality

Purpose	Primary form used	Life stage used	Source	Scale	Level	Timing
Food - human	-	-			Non-trivial	Recent

---

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2022) Species factsheet: Afropavo congensis. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 26/09/2022. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2022) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 26/09/2022.