Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: #http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm#.
Turbott, E.G. 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | Least Concern | |
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | Does not normally occur in forest |
| Land mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 137,000,000 | |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 150,000,000 | |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Fragmentation | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | poor | estimated | 2006 | |
| Population trend | Stable | suspected | - | |
| Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | - | - | - | |
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Largest subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Generation length (yrs) | 15.3 | - | - | - |
Population justification: Delany and Scott (2006) estimate the population at 150000-1100000 individuals.
Trend justification: The overall population trend is stable, although some populations have unknown trends (Delany and Scott 2006).
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Samoa | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Australia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bangladesh | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bermuda (to UK) | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Brazil | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| British Indian Ocean Territory | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Chile | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| China (mainland) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Christmas Island (to Australia) | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Cocos (Keeling) Islands (to Australia) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Colombia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Comoros | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Cook Islands | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Costa Rica | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Fiji | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| French Polynesia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| French Southern Territories | U | Extant | ||||
| Guam (to USA) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| India | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Indonesia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Japan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Kiribati | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Madagascar | U | Extant | ||||
| Maldives | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Marshall Islands | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Mauritius | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Mayotte (to France) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Mexico | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Micronesia, Federated States of | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Nauru | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| New Caledonia (to France) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| New Zealand | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Niue (to New Zealand) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Norfolk Island (to Australia) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Northern Mariana Islands (to USA) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Palau | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Panama | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Papua New Guinea | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Philippines | U | Extant | ||||
| Pitcairn Islands (to UK) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Réunion (to France) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Samoa | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Seychelles | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Solomon Islands | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| St Helena (to UK) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Timor-Leste | U | Extant | ||||
| Tokelau (to New Zealand) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Tonga | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Trinidad and Tobago | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Tuvalu | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| USA | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Vanuatu | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Vietnam | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Wallis and Futuna Islands (to France) | N | Extant | Yes |
| Country/Territory | IBA Name |
|---|---|
| American Samoa | Rose Atoll |
| French Polynesia | Manuae, Motu One et Maupihaa |
| French Polynesia | Fangataufa |
| Marshall Islands | Bokak Atoll |
| Mauritius | Cargados Carajos Shoals |
| Seychelles | Aride Island Special Reserve |
| Seychelles | Cousin Island Special Reserve |
| Seychelles | Cousine island |
| Seychelles | Frégate island |
| Seychelles | Marie-Louise Island |
| Pitcairn Islands (to UK) | Ducie Island |
| Pitcairn Islands (to UK) | Henderson Island |
| Brazil | Trindade e Martim Vaz |
| French Polynesia | Manui, Kamaka, Makaroa |
| Palau | Fana Island |
| French Polynesia | Tetiaroa |
| French Polynesia | Morane |
| French Polynesia | Niau |
| French Polynesia | Anuanuraro |
| French Polynesia | Reitoru |
| French Polynesia | Motane (Mohotani) |
| Marshall Islands | Taongi Atoll |
| Tonga | Maninita, Taula, Lualoli |
| Marshall Islands | Taka Atoll |
| Marshall Islands | Enewetok Atoll |
| Northern Mariana Islands (to USA) | Tinian Island |
| Kiribati | McKean Island |
| Kiribati | Orona Atoll (Hull Island) |
| Kiribati | Nikumaroro (Gardner Island) |
| Kiribati | Abariranga (Canton) Island |
| Kiribati | Enderbury Island |
| Kiribati | Rawaki (Phoenix Island) |
| Kiribati | Teraina (Washington Island) |
| Kiribati | Tabuaeran (Fanning Island) |
| Kiribati | Kiritimati (Christmas Island) |
| Kiribati | Malden Island |
| Kiribati | Vostok Island |
| Kiribati | Millenium (Caroline) Island |
| Fiji | Vetauua |
| Micronesia, Federated States of | Yap Island |
| French Polynesia | Motu de l'ouest et du sud de Rangiroa |
| American Samoa | West Tutuila |
| American Samoa | National Park of American Samoa - Ta'u |
| American Samoa | National Park of American Samoa - Tutuila |
| American Samoa | Swain's Atoll |
| French Polynesia | Tahanea |
| French Polynesia | Rimatara |
| French Polynesia | Vallée de Avera |
| French Polynesia | Makatea |
| French Polynesia | Ilots rocheux de Rapa et Marotiri |
| French Polynesia | Moruroa |
| French Polynesia | Kauehi |
| French Polynesia | Tikehau |
| USA | Northwestern Hawaiian Islands |
| French Polynesia | Rapa |
| French Polynesia | Hatuta'a |
| French Polynesia | Tubuai, Motu Toena |
| French Polynesia | Agakauitai |
| French Polynesia | Akamaru island |
| French Polynesia | Mangareva |
| French Polynesia | Motu Teiku |
| French Polynesia | Hiva Oa |
| French Polynesia | Bora Bora |
| French Polynesia | Huahine |
| French Polynesia | Maiao |
| French Polynesia | Maupiti |
| French Polynesia | Mehetia |
| French Polynesia | Moorea |
| French Polynesia | Tupai |
| French Polynesia | Anuanurunga |
| French Polynesia | Fakarava Atolls |
| French Polynesia | Haraiki |
| French Polynesia | Hereheretue |
| French Polynesia | Manuhangi |
| French Polynesia | Motutunga |
| French Polynesia | Nukutepipi |
| French Polynesia | Tekokota |
| New Zealand | Kermadec Islands (Raoul Island) - Western Bay, Denham Bay, Islets |
| French Polynesia | Hatu iti |
| Palau | Ngeriungs, Palau |
| Palau | Rock Islands |
| Palau | Helen Island, Hatohobei |
| Palau | Peleliu |
| Brazil | Trindade e Martim Vaz - Marine |
| Mauritius | Cargados Carajos shoals (Saint Brandon) - Marine |
| Seychelles | African Banks / Boudeuse island / Etoile island / Marie Louise island - Marine |
| Seychelles | Aride island - Marine |
| Norfolk Island (to Australia) | Norfolk Island / Phillip Island - Marine |
| Brazil | Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha |
| Micronesia, Federated States of | Gaferut (Faiyew) Island |
| Micronesia, Federated States of | Chuuk Atoll Marine |
| Micronesia, Federated States of | East Fayu |
| Micronesia, Federated States of | Wolouna, Ahnd Atoll |
| Micronesia, Federated States of | Pohnpei Marine |
| Micronesia, Federated States of | Kosrae Marine |
| Marshall Islands | Bikar Atoll |
| United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | Wake Island |
| Fiji | Nukubasaga & Nukupureti |
| United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | Baker Island |
| United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | Howland Island |
| United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | Johnston Atoll |
| United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | Palmyra Atoll |
| United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | Jarvis Island |
| Cook Islands | Suwarrow Atoll National Park |
| Cook Islands | Takutea Wildlife Sanctuary |
| Cook Islands | Aitutaki |
| Cook Islands | Atiu |
| Cook Islands | Mangaia |
| Cook Islands | Ma'uke Island |
| Cook Islands | Rarotonga Cloud Forest |
| Cook Islands | Takitumu Conservation Area, Rarotonga |
| Micronesia, Federated States of | Polle Island |
| Micronesia, Federated States of | Pata Island |
| Micronesia, Federated States of | Yap Island Marine |
| Fiji | Ringgold Islands Marine |
| Palau | Fana Island Marine |
| French Polynesia | Rangiroa Marine |
| Kiribati | Flint Island |
| New Caledonia (to France) | Île Walpole |
| New Caledonia (to France) | Île Hunter |
| Tonga | Niuafo'ou |
| Tonga | Late |
| Tonga | 'Ata Island |
| Tokelau (to New Zealand) | Atafu |
| Tokelau (to New Zealand) | Nukunonu |
| Northern Mariana Islands (to USA) | Uracus |
| Northern Mariana Islands (to USA) | Maug Islands |
| Northern Mariana Islands (to USA) | Guguan Island |
| Papua New Guinea | Tench Island |
| French Polynesia | Clipperton |
| Wallis and Futuna Islands (to France) | Futuna |
| Wallis and Futuna Islands (to France) | Alofi |
| American Samoa | Tutuila Marine |
| French Polynesia | Tikehau Marine |
| Kiribati | Teraina Marine |
| Tokelau (to New Zealand) | Tokelau Marine |
| Wallis and Futuna Islands (to France) | Futuna Marine |
| American Samoa | Swain's Atoll Marine |
| French Polynesia | Niau Marine |
| French Polynesia | Moruroa Marine |
| Kiribati | Millenium (Caroline) Island Marine |
| Fiji | Ringgold Islands |
| St Helena (to UK) | Boatswainbird Island |
| St Helena (to UK) | Green Mountain |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Back Slope | major | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Foreslope (Outer Reef Slope) | major | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Inter-Reef Rubble Substrate | major | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Inter-Reef Soft Substrate | major | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Lagoon | major | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Outer Reef Channel | major | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | major | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Pelagic | major | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | major | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | major | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | major | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | major | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | major | resident |
| Altitude | 0 - 50 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Felis catus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Named species | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2021) Species factsheet: Gygis alba. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 26/01/2021.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2021) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 26/01/2021.
