Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
---|---|---|
- | - | - |
Year | Category | Criteria |
---|---|---|
2018 | Least Concern | |
2016 | Least Concern | |
2012 | Least Concern | |
2009 | Least Concern | |
2008 | Least Concern | |
2004 | Least Concern | |
2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | Does not normally occur in forest |
Land mass type | Average mass | - |
Estimate | Data quality | |
---|---|---|
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 3,470,000 | medium |
Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 2,460,000 | medium |
Number of locations | - | |
Severely Fragmented | - |
Value | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
---|---|---|---|---|
No. of mature individuals | poor | estimated | 2011 | |
Population trend | Decreasing | estimated | - | |
Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | - | - | - | |
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | - | - | - | |
Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
Percentage in largest subpopulation | - | - | - | |
Generation length (yrs) | 11.7 | - | - | - |
Population justification: Wetlands International (2018) estimate the population to be 621,000 individuals.
Trend justification: This species has undergone a small or statistically insignificant decrease over the last 40 years in North America (data from Breeding Bird Survey and/or Christmas Bird Count: Butcher and Niven 2007).
Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Canada | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Ecuador | V | Extant | ||||
Mexico | N | Extant | ||||
USA | N | Extant | Yes |
Country/Territory | IBA Name |
---|---|
Canada | St. Mary Reservoir |
Canada | Lake Newell and Kitsim Reservoir |
Canada | McGregor Lake and Travers Reservoir |
Canada | Little Fish Lake |
Canada | Dowling Lake |
Canada | Muriel Lake |
Canada | Utikuma and Utikumasis Lakes |
Canada | Cardinal Lake |
Canada | Beaverhill Lake |
Canada | Lesser Slave Lake PP |
Canada | Pakowki Lake |
Canada | Ministik, Joseph and Oliver Lakes |
Canada | Miquelon Lake |
Canada | Hays Reservoir |
Canada | Eagle, Namaka and Stobart Lakes |
Canada | Frank Lake (south) |
Canada | Lac La Biche |
Canada | Pelican Lake (Alberta) |
Canada | Kyuquot Channel Islets |
Canada | Amphitrite and Swiftsure Banks |
Canada | Moore and Byers Islands and Banks |
Canada | Kaweenakumik Lake |
Canada | North Channel Island |
Canada | Dory's Reef |
Canada | South Long Island |
Canada | Bigstick Lake Plain |
Canada | Primrose Lake |
Canada | Suggi Lake |
USA | Blackfoot Reservoir |
USA | Farmington Bay UT04 |
USA | Gilbert Bay/South Arm UT05 |
USA | Gunnison Bay/North Arm UT01 |
USA | Ogden Bay UT03 |
USA | American Falls Reservoir |
USA | Bear River Bay UT02 |
Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
---|---|---|---|
Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | non-breeding |
Desert | Hot | suitable | non-breeding |
Desert | Hot | suitable | breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Mud Flats and Salt Flats | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Mud Flats and Salt Flats | suitable | breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Rocky Shoreline | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Rocky Shoreline | suitable | breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc | suitable | breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Shingle and/or Pebble Shoreline and/or Beaches | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Shingle and/or Pebble Shoreline and/or Beaches | suitable | breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Tidepools | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Tidepools | suitable | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Estuaries | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | suitable | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Pelagic | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Pelagic | suitable | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | suitable | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | suitable | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | suitable | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | suitable | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | suitable | breeding |
Wetlands (inland) | Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands | suitable | non-breeding |
Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | suitable | non-breeding |
Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | suitable | breeding |
Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Lakes | suitable | breeding |
Altitude | 0 - 2770 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Climate change & severe weather | Droughts | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Causing/Could cause fluctuations | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food - human | - | - | Non-trivial | Recent | ||
Pets/display animals, horticulture | - | - | International | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Larus californicus. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 27/01/2023.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 27/01/2023.