Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: #http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm#.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | Near Threatened | C1+2a(i) |
| 2016 | Vulnerable | C2a(i) |
| 2012 | Endangered | C2a(i) |
| 2008 | Endangered | C2a(i) |
| 2004 | Endangered | |
| 2000 | Endangered | |
| 1996 | Endangered | |
| 1994 | Endangered | |
| 1988 | Threatened |
| Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | High |
| Land mass type |
Land-mass type - continent |
Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 537,000 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 58,000 | |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Severely Fragmented | - |
| Value | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | 2500-9999 | poor | suspected | 2018 |
| Population trend | Decreasing | poor | suspected | - |
| Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | 1-19 | - | - | - |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | 1-19 | - | - | - |
| Number of subpopulations | 2-100 | - | - | - |
| Percentage in largest subpopulation | 1-89 | - | - | - |
| Generation length (yrs) | 3.6 | - | - | - |
Population justification: Already in the 19th century, this species has been described as rare throughout its range; however, their inconspicuous habits result in their often being overlooked (Collar et al. 2020). It is suspected that the population numbers below 10,000 mature individuals (ICMBio 2018). Subpopulations are small and isolated due to the fragmentation of habitat and limited dispersal outside of forested areas (ICMBio 2018, R. Subirá in litt. 2022).
Trend justification: The population trend has not been assessed directly, but the species is suspected to decline as a consequence of the destruction, degradation and fragmentation of its forested habitat (ICMBio 2018). Tree cover within the range is lost at a rate equivalent to 3% over three generations (10.8 years; Global Forest Watch 2021, using Hansen et al. [2013] data and methods disclosed therein). The species is strictly forest-dependent, and as such the rate of population decline may be exacerbated by the impacts of forest degradation; however, it is unlikely that declines exceed 20% over three generations.
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brazil | N | Extant | Yes |
| Country/Territory | IBA Name |
|---|---|
| Brazil | Santa Teresa |
| Brazil | Fazenda Pindobas IV e Arredores |
| Brazil | Complexo Pedra Azul / Forno Grande |
| Brazil | Parque Estadual do Desengano e Entorno |
| Brazil | Serra dos Órgãos |
| Brazil | Serra do Tinguá |
| Brazil | Maciços da Tijuca e Pedra Branca |
| Brazil | Serra do Marumbi |
| Brazil | São Francisco Xavier / Monte Verde |
| Brazil | Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar (entre Caraguatatuba e Picinguaba) |
| Brazil | Guaraqueçaba / Jacupiranga / Cananéia |
| Brazil | Maciço Florestal de Paranapiacaba |
| Brazil | Parque Nacional de Itatiaia |
| Brazil | Estação Ecológica de Juréia-Itatins |
| Brazil | Ilhas Comprida e Cananéia |
| Brazil | Boa Nova / Serra da Ouricana |
| Brazil | Alto Cariri |
| Brazil | Reserva Biológica da Mata Escura |
| Brazil | Bandeira / Macarani |
| Brazil | Ilhéus / Itabuna |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland | major | resident |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane | major | resident |
| Altitude | 500 - 1200 m | Occasional altitudinal limits | 0 - 1400 m |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Agriculture & aquaculture | Wood & pulp plantations - Small-holder plantations | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Past, Unlikely to Return | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Past Impact | ||||||
|
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| Biological resource use | Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Energy production & mining | Mining & quarrying | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Past, Unlikely to Return | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Past Impact | ||||||
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| Residential & commercial development | Housing & urban areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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| Transportation & service corridors | Roads & railroads | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Causing/Could cause fluctuations | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Touit melanonotus. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 21/03/2023.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 21/03/2023.
