• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Turbott, E.G. 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2020	Near Threatened	C2a(ii)
2016	Vulnerable	C2a(ii)
2012	Vulnerable	C2a(ii)
2008	Vulnerable	C2a(ii)
2006	Vulnerable
2004	Vulnerable
2000	Vulnerable
1996	Vulnerable
1994	Vulnerable
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	full migrant	Forest dependency	Does not normally occur in forest
Land mass type	Land-mass type - continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2)	95,900	medium
Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2)	34,500,000	medium
Number of locations		-
Severely Fragmented		-

	Value	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
No. of mature individuals	10000	medium	estimated	2019
Population trend	Decreasing	poor	suspected	-
Decline (3 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (5 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation future)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future)		-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	1	-	-	-
Percentage in largest subpopulation	100	-	-	-
Generation length (yrs)	7.7	-	-	-

Population justification: The population is estimated to number 10,000 mature individuals (Andres 2012 per Partners in Flight 2019). Despite breeding in two different areas in Alaska, the species does not show spatial segregation in the non-breeding grounds (Sonsthagen et al. 2015) and can therefore be considered one subpopulation.

Trend justification: The population trend is difficult to quantify. On the breeding grounds in the Arctic, trends are inconclusive. There is concern that the species may be undergoing a decline: Wetlands International (2020) list the species as declining between 2002 and 2011. Partners in Flight (2019) and Smith et al. (2020) describe the trend as unknown or possibly declining, while a population survey found no evidence of declines (G. Butcher in litt. 2007). On the non-breeding grounds in Oceania, the species is thought to be stable in French Polynesia (P. Raust in litt. 2020) or even increasing on Oahi (Hawaii) due to recolonisation events (Tibbitts et al. 2020). Overall, there seems to be growing evidence that population declines have stopped or at least slowed down considerably. In the absence of data covering the entire range, it is precautionarily suspected that the species has been undergoing a slow decline over the past three generations (23.1 years), which is unlikely to exceed a rate of 5-10%.

Country/Territory	Occurrence status	Presence	Resident	Breeding	Non-breeding	Passage
American Samoa	N	Extant			Yes
Chile	N	Extant			Yes
Cook Islands	N	Extant			Yes
Fiji	N	Extant				Yes
French Polynesia	N	Extant			Yes
Guam (to USA)	N	Extant			Yes
Indonesia	V	Extant			Yes
Japan	V	Extant			Yes
Kiribati	N	Extant			Yes
Marshall Islands	N	Extant			Yes
Micronesia, Federated States of	N	Extant			Yes
Nauru	N	Extant			Yes
New Zealand	N	Extant			Yes
Niue (to New Zealand)	N	Extant			Yes
Northern Mariana Islands (to USA)	N	Extant			Yes
Papua New Guinea	V	Extant
Philippines	V	Extant			Yes
Pitcairn Islands (to UK)	N	Extant			Yes
Samoa	N	Extant			Yes
Solomon Islands	N	Extant			Yes
Tokelau (to New Zealand)	N	Extant			Yes
Tonga	N	Extant			Yes
Tuvalu	N	Extant			Yes
United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA)	N	Extant			Yes
USA	N	Extant		Yes
Wallis and Futuna Islands (to France)	N	Extant			Yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Pitcairn Islands (to UK)	Oeno Island
Pitcairn Islands (to UK)	Henderson Island
USA	Andreafsky Wilderness
Fiji	Rotuma
French Polynesia	Bellinghausen
French Polynesia	Scilly (Manuae)
French Polynesia	Maupihaa (Mopelia)
French Polynesia	Morane
French Polynesia	Motane (Mohotani)
French Polynesia	Nord-ouest de Nuku Hiva
French Polynesia	Motu de l'ouest et du sud de Rangiroa
French Polynesia	Rapa
French Polynesia	Tahuata
French Polynesia	Reitoru
French Polynesia	Kaukura
French Polynesia	Arutua
French Polynesia	Apataki
French Polynesia	Tikehau
French Polynesia	Tahanea
French Polynesia	Fatu Huku
French Polynesia	Anuanuraro
French Polynesia	Maria
French Polynesia	Tupai
French Polynesia	Tekokota
French Polynesia	Maiao
French Polynesia	Mehetia
French Polynesia	Pentes du mont Hiro de Raivavae
Tonga	Maninita, Taula, Lualoli
USA	Central Seward Peninsula
USA	Andreafsky Wilderness
USA	Central Yukon - Kuskokwim
USA	James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge
French Polynesia	Manuae, Motu One et Maupihaa
French Polynesia	Apataki, Arutua et Kaukura (Îles Palliser)
Kiribati	Enderbury Island
Kiribati	Rawaki (Phoenix Island)
Kiribati	Kiritimati (Christmas Island)
Kiribati	Millenium (Caroline) Island
French Polynesia	Fangataufa
French Polynesia	Tenararo
USA	Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
Cook Islands	Atiu
Cook Islands	Takutea Wildlife Sanctuary
Cook Islands	Mangaia
Cook Islands	Miti'aro Island
Cook Islands	Ma'uke Island
Cook Islands	Suwarrow Atoll National Park
United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA)	Wake Island
United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA)	Baker Island
United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA)	Howland Island
United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA)	Johnston Atoll
United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA)	Palmyra Atoll
United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA)	Jarvis Island
Pitcairn Islands (to UK)	Ducie Island
Pitcairn Islands (to UK)	Pitcairn Island
French Polynesia	Vahanga
Kiribati	Kotabu and Nabini Islet
Tokelau (to New Zealand)	Tokelau

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Grassland	Tundra	major	breeding
Marine Coastal/Supratidal	Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes	major	non-breeding
Marine Intertidal	Mud Flats and Salt Flats	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Intertidal	Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc	suitable	non-breeding
Altitude	0 - 350 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Wood & pulp plantations - Agro-industry plantations	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Causing/Could cause fluctuations		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Unlikely to Return		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Past Impact
		Stresses Species mortality
Climate change & severe weather	Habitat shifting & alteration	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Whole (>90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Indirect ecosystem effects, Ecosystem degradation
Energy production & mining	Mining & quarrying	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Majority (50-90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Canis familiaris	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Causing/Could cause fluctuations		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Felis catus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Unlikely to Return		Majority (50-90%)		Causing/Could cause fluctuations		Past Impact
		Stresses Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Sus domesticus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Unlikely to Return		Majority (50-90%)		Causing/Could cause fluctuations		Past Impact
		Stresses Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Problematic native species/diseases - Corvus corax	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Problematic native species/diseases - Stercorarius parasiticus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Problematic native species/diseases - Vulpes vulpes	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success
Pollution	Industrial & military effluents - Type Unknown/Unrecorded	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Species mortality

Purpose	Primary form used	Life stage used	Source	Scale	Level	Timing
Food - human	-	-			Non-trivial	Recent

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2022) Species factsheet: Numenius tahitiensis. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 26/06/2022. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2022) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 26/06/2022.