Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Turbott, E.G. 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington.
Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
---|---|---|
- | - | - |
Year | Category | Criteria |
---|---|---|
2020 | Near Threatened | C2a(ii) |
2016 | Vulnerable | C2a(ii) |
2012 | Vulnerable | C2a(ii) |
2008 | Vulnerable | C2a(ii) |
2006 | Vulnerable | |
2004 | Vulnerable | |
2000 | Vulnerable | |
1996 | Vulnerable | |
1994 | Vulnerable | |
1988 | Threatened |
Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | Does not normally occur in forest |
Land mass type |
Land-mass type - continent |
Average mass | - |
Estimate | Data quality | |
---|---|---|
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 95,900 | medium |
Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 34,500,000 | medium |
Number of locations | - | |
Severely Fragmented | - |
Value | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
---|---|---|---|---|
No. of mature individuals | 10000 | medium | estimated | 2019 |
Population trend | Decreasing | poor | suspected | - |
Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | - | - | - | |
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | - | - | - | |
Number of subpopulations | 1 | - | - | - |
Percentage in largest subpopulation | 100 | - | - | - |
Generation length (yrs) | 7.7 | - | - | - |
Population justification: The population is estimated to number 10,000 mature individuals (Andres 2012 per Partners in Flight 2019). Despite breeding in two different areas in Alaska, the species does not show spatial segregation in the non-breeding grounds (Sonsthagen et al. 2015) and can therefore be considered one subpopulation.
Trend justification: The population trend is difficult to quantify. On the breeding grounds in the Arctic, trends are inconclusive. There is concern that the species may be undergoing a decline: Wetlands International (2020) list the species as declining between 2002 and 2011. Partners in Flight (2019) and Smith et al. (2020) describe the trend as unknown or possibly declining, while a population survey found no evidence of declines (G. Butcher in litt. 2007). On the non-breeding grounds in Oceania, the species is thought to be stable in French Polynesia (P. Raust in litt. 2020) or even increasing on Oahi (Hawaii) due to recolonisation events (Tibbitts et al. 2020). Overall, there seems to be growing evidence that population declines have stopped or at least slowed down considerably. In the absence of data covering the entire range, it is precautionarily suspected that the species has been undergoing a slow decline over the past three generations (23.1 years), which is unlikely to exceed a rate of 5-10%.
Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
American Samoa | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Chile | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Cook Islands | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Fiji | N | Extant | Yes | |||
French Polynesia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Guam (to USA) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Indonesia | V | Extant | Yes | |||
Japan | V | Extant | Yes | |||
Kiribati | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Marshall Islands | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Micronesia, Federated States of | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Nauru | N | Extant | Yes | |||
New Zealand | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Niue (to New Zealand) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Northern Mariana Islands (to USA) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Papua New Guinea | V | Extant | ||||
Philippines | V | Extant | Yes | |||
Pitcairn Islands (to UK) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Samoa | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Solomon Islands | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Tokelau (to New Zealand) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Tonga | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Tuvalu | N | Extant | Yes | |||
United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
USA | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Wallis and Futuna Islands (to France) | N | Extant | Yes |
Country/Territory | IBA Name |
---|---|
Pitcairn Islands (to UK) | Oeno Island |
Pitcairn Islands (to UK) | Henderson Island |
USA | Andreafsky Wilderness |
Fiji | Rotuma |
French Polynesia | Bellinghausen |
French Polynesia | Scilly (Manuae) |
French Polynesia | Maupihaa (Mopelia) |
French Polynesia | Morane |
French Polynesia | Motane (Mohotani) |
French Polynesia | Nord-ouest de Nuku Hiva |
French Polynesia | Motu de l'ouest et du sud de Rangiroa |
French Polynesia | Rapa |
French Polynesia | Tahuata |
French Polynesia | Reitoru |
French Polynesia | Kaukura |
French Polynesia | Arutua |
French Polynesia | Apataki |
French Polynesia | Tikehau |
French Polynesia | Tahanea |
French Polynesia | Fatu Huku |
French Polynesia | Anuanuraro |
French Polynesia | Maria |
French Polynesia | Tupai |
French Polynesia | Tekokota |
French Polynesia | Maiao |
French Polynesia | Mehetia |
French Polynesia | Pentes du mont Hiro de Raivavae |
Tonga | Maninita, Taula, Lualoli |
USA | Central Seward Peninsula |
USA | Andreafsky Wilderness |
USA | Central Yukon - Kuskokwim |
USA | James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge |
French Polynesia | Manuae, Motu One et Maupihaa |
French Polynesia | Apataki, Arutua et Kaukura (Îles Palliser) |
Kiribati | Enderbury Island |
Kiribati | Rawaki (Phoenix Island) |
Kiribati | Kiritimati (Christmas Island) |
Kiribati | Millenium (Caroline) Island |
French Polynesia | Fangataufa |
French Polynesia | Tenararo |
USA | Northwestern Hawaiian Islands |
Cook Islands | Atiu |
Cook Islands | Takutea Wildlife Sanctuary |
Cook Islands | Mangaia |
Cook Islands | Miti'aro Island |
Cook Islands | Ma'uke Island |
Cook Islands | Suwarrow Atoll National Park |
United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | Wake Island |
United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | Baker Island |
United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | Howland Island |
United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | Johnston Atoll |
United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | Palmyra Atoll |
United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | Jarvis Island |
Pitcairn Islands (to UK) | Ducie Island |
Pitcairn Islands (to UK) | Pitcairn Island |
French Polynesia | Vahanga |
Kiribati | Kotabu and Nabini Islet |
Tokelau (to New Zealand) | Tokelau |
Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
---|---|---|---|
Grassland | Tundra | major | breeding |
Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes | major | non-breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Mud Flats and Salt Flats | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc | suitable | non-breeding |
Altitude | 0 - 350 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agriculture & aquaculture | Wood & pulp plantations - Agro-industry plantations | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Causing/Could cause fluctuations | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Past, Unlikely to Return | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Past Impact | ||||||
|
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Climate change & severe weather | Habitat shifting & alteration | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Future | Whole (>90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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Energy production & mining | Mining & quarrying | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Future | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Canis familiaris | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Causing/Could cause fluctuations | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
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Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Felis catus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Past, Unlikely to Return | Majority (50-90%) | Causing/Could cause fluctuations | Past Impact | ||||||
|
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Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Sus domesticus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Past, Unlikely to Return | Majority (50-90%) | Causing/Could cause fluctuations | Past Impact | ||||||
|
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Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases - Corvus corax | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases - Stercorarius parasiticus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases - Vulpes vulpes | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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Pollution | Industrial & military effluents - Type Unknown/Unrecorded | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food - human | - | - | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2022) Species factsheet: Numenius tahitiensis. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 26/06/2022.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2022) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 26/06/2022.