• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note

Lophura erythrophthalma and L. pyronota (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as L. erythrophthalma following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	A2cd+3cd+4cd	A2cd+3cd+4cd

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2022	Endangered	A2cd+3cd+4cd
2016	Vulnerable	A2cd+3cd+4cd
2014	Vulnerable	A2cd+3cd+4cd

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	High
Land mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2)	700,000	medium
Number of locations		-
Severely Fragmented		-

	Value	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
No. of mature individuals		poor	not applicable	0
Population trend	Decreasing	poor	inferred	-
Decline (3 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (5 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation future)	50-70	-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future)	50-70	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	2-100	-	-	-
Percentage in largest subpopulation	1-89	-	-	-
Generation length (yrs)	7.2	-	-	-

Population justification: There is no robust estimate for this species and its exact habitat requirements are improperly known such that a population size is now difficult to assume. There are few recent records and the species appears to be scarce and localised. Ascertaining this species' persistence in smaller forest patches should be considered a priority for research as well as developing density estimates to produce a new global population estimate.

Trend justification: The species is dependent on forest cover (either primary forest or mature secondary); consequently the population impact of forest cover loss is expected to be equal to or greater than the rate of loss. 43-51% of forest cover (with greater than 30% canopy cover) has been lost over the past three generations (21.6 years) (Global Forest Watch [2021] using data from Hansen et al. [2013] and methods disclosed therein). This value does not account for the impact of forest degradation: the average forest patch size in this species' range fell from 6,501 km² to 599 km² between 2000 and 2018, while the number of patches rose from 51 to 291 (Savini et al. 2021), indicating large-scale fragmentation. It is unclear how well this species persists in smaller habitat fragments, but this matrix makes it intrinsically more vulnerable to hunting pressures. While the impact of fragmentation and hunting remain unquantified, rates of forest cover loss are considered to represent the minimum rates of population decline for this species and an overall decline of 50-70% is suspected.

Country/Territory	Occurrence status	Presence	Resident	Breeding	Non-breeding	Passage
Brunei	N	Extant	Yes
Indonesia	N	Extant	Yes
Malaysia	N	Possibly Extinct	Yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Indonesia	Gunung Palung
Indonesia	Tanjung Puting
Indonesia	Ulu Barito
Indonesia	Gunung Beratus
Indonesia	Hutan Samarinda-Balikpapan
Malaysia	Mulu - Buda Protected Area
Malaysia	Kabili-Sepilok
Malaysia	Mount Kinabalu
Malaysia	Kinabatangan floodplain
Malaysia	Tanjung Datu-Samunsam Protected Area
Malaysia	Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary
Malaysia	Dulit Range
Malaysia	Similajau National Park
Brunei	Belait Swamp Forest
Brunei	Ulu Temburong
Brunei	Southern Ladan Hills
Brunei	Seria Coast

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Altitude	0 - 300 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Lophura pyronota. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 25/03/2023. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 25/03/2023.