Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: #http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of _the_WP15.xls#.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Least Concern | |
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2013 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | Medium |
| Land mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 72,300,000 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 62,000,000 | medium |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Severely Fragmented | - |
| Value | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | 150000-195000 | poor | suspected | 2020 |
| Population trend | Stable | suspected | - | |
| Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | - | - | - | |
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Percentage in largest subpopulation | - | - | - | |
| Generation length (yrs) | 7.05 | - | - | - |
Population justification: The European population is estimated at 23,300-30,300 pairs, which equates to 46,600-60,500 mature individuals (BirdLife International in prep.). Europe forms approximately 31% of the global range, so a very preliminary estimate of the global population size is 150,000-195,000 mature individuals, although further validation of this estimate is needed. The North African population is estimated to be c.10,000 pairs or 20,000 mature individuals (Garrido et al. in prep.).
Trend justification: This species is declining locally owing to forest destruction, human disturbance and persecution and reduction in prey species (Ferguson-Lees and Christie 2001). In Europe and North Africa the population size is estimated to be increasing (BirdLife International in prep.; Garrido et al. in prep.). Overall the population trend is considered stable (Global Raptor Information Network 2021; Orta et al. 2020).
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Albania | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Algeria | N | Extant | ||||
| Angola | N | Extant | ||||
| Armenia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Austria | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Azerbaijan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bahrain | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bangladesh | N | Extant | ||||
| Belarus | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Belgium | V | Extant | ||||
| Benin | N | Extant | ||||
| Bhutan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Botswana | N | Extant | ||||
| Bulgaria | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Burkina Faso | N | Extant | ||||
| Burundi | N | Extant | ||||
| Cameroon | N | Extant | ||||
| Central African Republic | N | Extant | ||||
| Chad | N | Extant | ||||
| China (mainland) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Congo | N | Extant | ||||
| Congo, The Democratic Republic of the | N | Extant | ||||
| Côte d'Ivoire | N | Extant | ||||
| Croatia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Cyprus | N | Extant | ||||
| Denmark | V | Extant | ||||
| Djibouti | N | Extant | ||||
| Egypt | N | Extant | ||||
| Eritrea | N | Extant | ||||
| Eswatini | N | Extant | ||||
| Ethiopia | N | Extant | ||||
| Finland | V | Extant | ||||
| France | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Gambia | N | Extant | ||||
| Georgia | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Germany | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Ghana | N | Extant | ||||
| Gibraltar (to UK) | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Greece | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Hungary | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| India | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Indonesia | V | Extant | ||||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Iraq | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Israel | N | Extant | ||||
| Italy | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Jordan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Kazakhstan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Kenya | N | Extant | ||||
| Kuwait | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Kyrgyzstan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Laos | V | Extant | ||||
| Lebanon | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Lesotho | N | Extant | ||||
| Liberia | V | Extant | ||||
| Libya | N | Extant | ||||
| Malawi | N | Extant | ||||
| Malaysia | N | Extant | ||||
| Mali | N | Extant | ||||
| Malta | V | Extant | ||||
| Mauritania | N | Extant | ||||
| Moldova | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Mongolia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Montenegro | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Morocco | N | Extant | ||||
| Mozambique | N | Extant | ||||
| Myanmar | N | Extant | ||||
| Namibia | N | Extant | ||||
| Nepal | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Netherlands | V | Extant | ||||
| Niger | N | Extant | ||||
| Nigeria | N | Extant | ||||
| North Macedonia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Oman | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Pakistan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Palestine | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Poland | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Portugal | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Qatar | V | Extant | ||||
| Romania | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Russia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia (Asian) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia (Central Asian) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia (European) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Rwanda | N | Extant | ||||
| Saudi Arabia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Senegal | N | Extant | ||||
| Serbia | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Seychelles | V | Extant | ||||
| Sierra Leone | N | Extant | ||||
| Singapore | V | Extant | ||||
| Slovakia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Slovenia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Somalia | N | Extant | ||||
| South Africa | N | Extant | ||||
| South Sudan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Spain | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Sri Lanka | N | Extant | ||||
| Sudan | N | Extant | ||||
| Sweden | V | Extant | ||||
| Switzerland | V | Extant | ||||
| Syria | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Tajikistan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Tanzania | N | Extant | ||||
| Thailand | N | Extant | ||||
| Togo | N | Extant | ||||
| Tunisia | N | Extant | ||||
| Turkey | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Turkmenistan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Uganda | N | Extant | ||||
| Ukraine | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| United Arab Emirates | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Uzbekistan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Western Sahara | N | Extant | ||||
| Yemen | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Zambia | N | Extant | ||||
| Zimbabwe | N | Extant |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | non-breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Plantations | suitable | breeding |
| Desert | Hot | suitable | passage |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | major | resident |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane | suitable | passage |
| Forest | Temperate | suitable | resident |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands | suitable | breeding |
| Shrubland | Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation | major | breeding |
| Shrubland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | resident |
| Shrubland | Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude | suitable | non-breeding |
| Shrubland | Temperate | suitable | breeding |
| Altitude | 0 - 3000 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Wood & pulp plantations - Agro-industry plantations | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Persecution/control | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Biological resource use | Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Biological resource use | Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Energy production & mining | Renewable energy | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Human intrusions & disturbance | Work & other activities | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Natural system modifications | Fire & fire suppression - Trend Unknown/Unrecorded | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Natural system modifications | Other ecosystem modifications | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Residential & commercial development | Housing & urban areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Transportation & service corridors | Utility & service lines | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | - | - | International | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Hieraaetus pennatus. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 22/03/2023.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 22/03/2023.
