Taxonomic source(s)
Brooke, M. de L. 2004. Albatrosses and Petrels Across the World. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: #http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm#.
Turbott, E.G. 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington.
Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
---|---|---|
- | - | - |
Year | Category | Criteria |
---|---|---|
2020 | Least Concern | |
2018 | Least Concern | |
2016 | Least Concern | |
2012 | Least Concern | |
2009 | Least Concern | |
2008 | Least Concern | |
2004 | Least Concern | |
2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | Does not normally occur in forest |
Land mass type | Average mass | - |
Estimate | Data quality | |
---|---|---|
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 96,500,000 | |
Number of locations | - | |
Severely Fragmented | - |
Value | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
---|---|---|---|---|
No. of mature individuals | poor | estimated | 2004 | |
Population trend | Decreasing | suspected | - | |
Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | - | - | - | |
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | - | - | - | |
Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
Percentage in largest subpopulation | - | - | - | |
Generation length (yrs) | 8.4 | - | - | - |
Population justification: Brooke (2004) estimated the global population to number at least 3,000,000 individuals.
Trend justification: Analysis of the proportion of Blue Petrels in skua diets by Cerfonteyn and Ryan (2016) suggests that despite the initial rapid increase in breeding success, petrel numbers on Marion Island have not substantially recovered following the eradication of cats there in 1991. It is possible that recovery rates are being negatively affected by the predation of chicks and eggs by introduced house mice (Mus musculus) (Dilley et al., 2017). Additionally, surveys by Pacoureau et al., (2019) found evidence of a long-term decline in burrow occupancy of Blue Petrels at Mayes Island, Kerguelen, with a 70% reduction in burrow occupancy between 1992 and 2013. The Prince Edward Islands, which encompasses Marion Island, and the Kerguelen archipelago are thought to support a substantial proportion of the global population (Dilley et al., 2017), and therefore the overall population trend is suspected to be declining.
Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antarctica | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Argentina | N | Extant | ||||
Australia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Bouvet Island (to Norway) | U | Extant | ||||
Brazil | N | Extant | ||||
Chile | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | N | Extant | ||||
French Southern Territories | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Heard Island and McDonald Islands (to Australia) | U | Extant | ||||
New Zealand | N | Extant | ||||
South Africa | N | Extant | Yes | |||
South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands | N | Extant | Yes | |||
St Helena (to UK) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
Uruguay | N | Extant | Yes |
Country/Territory | IBA Name |
---|---|
French Southern Territories | Île de l'Est |
French Southern Territories | Île des Pingouins |
French Southern Territories | Islands of the Golfe du Morbihan |
South Africa | Prince Edward Islands Special Nature Reserve |
Chile | Islas Diego Ramírez |
South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands | South Georgia - mainland, islands, islets and stacks |
Chile | Parque Nacional Cabo de Hornos |
Chile | Islas Diego Ramírez y Rocas Norte |
Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
---|---|---|---|
Grassland | Subantarctic | major | breeding |
Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands | major | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | suitable | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Pelagic | major | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Pelagic | major | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | suitable | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | suitable | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | suitable | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | suitable | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | suitable | breeding |
Marine Oceanic | Epipelagic (0-200m) | major | non-breeding |
Marine Oceanic | Epipelagic (0-200m) | major | breeding |
Marine Oceanic | Mesopelagic (200-1000m) | major | non-breeding |
Marine Oceanic | Mesopelagic (200-1000m) | major | breeding |
Altitude | 0 - 200 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Felis catus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Mus musculus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Oryctolagus cuniculus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Unspecified species | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases - Arctocephalus gazella | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2022) Species factsheet: Halobaena caerulea. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 10/08/2022.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2022) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 10/08/2022.