Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: #http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of _the_WP15.xls#.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | Least Concern | |
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | does not normally occur in forest |
| Land mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 11,100,000 | |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Severely Fragmented | - |
| Value | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | 300000-849999 | not applicable | estimated | 2012 |
| Population trend | stable | suspected | - | |
| Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | - | - | - | |
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Percentage in largest subpopulation | - | - | - | |
| Generation length (yrs) | 3.9 | - | - | - |
Population justification: The European population is estimated at 8,000-21,000 pairs, which equates to 16,000-42,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015). Europe forms <5% of the global range so a very preliminary estimate of the global population is 320,000-840,000 mature individuals although further validation of this estimate is needed. The population is therefore placed in the band 300,000-849,999 mature individuals.
Trend justification: The population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence for any declines or substantial threats. In Europe the population size is estimated to be fluctuating (BirdLife International 2015).
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Armenia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Azerbaijan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bangladesh | possibly extinct | native | yes | |||
| Bhutan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Cyprus | extant | native | yes | |||
| Georgia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Guam (to USA) | possibly extinct | introduced | yes | |||
| India | extant | native | yes | |||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | extant | native | yes | |||
| Iraq | extant | native | yes | |||
| Israel | extant | native | yes | |||
| Italy | extinct | native | yes | |||
| Jordan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Lebanon | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Nepal | extant | native | yes | |||
| Pakistan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Palestine | extant | native | yes | |||
| Portugal | extant | reintroduced | yes | |||
| Saudi Arabia | possibly extinct | native | yes | |||
| Spain | extinct | native | yes | |||
| Syria | extant | native | yes | |||
| Turkey | extant | native | yes | |||
| Turkmenistan | extant | native | yes | |||
| USA | possibly extinct | introduced | yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | resident |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Plantations | suitable | resident |
| Grassland | Subtropical/Tropical Seasonally Wet/Flooded | suitable | resident |
| Shrubland | Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation | suitable | resident |
| Altitude | 0 - 2500 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food - human | - | - | - | non-trivial | recent | |
| Food - human | - | - | non-trivial | recent | ||
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | - | - | - | international | non-trivial | recent |
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | - | - | international | non-trivial | recent | |
| Sport hunting/specimen collecting | - | - | - | non-trivial | recent | |
| Sport hunting/specimen collecting | - | - | non-trivial | recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Francolinus francolinus. Downloaded from
http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/black-francolin-francolinus-francolinus on 01/06/2023.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://datazone.birdlife.org on 01/06/2023.
