Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Least Concern | |
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | Medium |
| Land mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 6,880,000 | |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 9,530,000 | |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Severely Fragmented | - |
| Value | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | 10000-50000 | poor | suspected | 2021 |
| Population trend | Decreasing | suspected | - | |
| Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | 10-19 | - | - | - |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | 10-19 | - | - | - |
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Percentage in largest subpopulation | - | - | - | |
| Generation length (yrs) | 4.49 | - | - | - |
Population justification: There is very little data on population size for this species. Ferguson-Lees and Christie (2001) estimated the global population to number > c.10,000 individuals (Ferguson-Lees et al. 2001), while the population in China has been estimated at c.100-10,000 breeding pairs and c.50-1,000 individuals on migration (Brazil 2009). The Black Baza was the most common raptor counted during migrating bird surveys at Chumphon, Thailand in autumn 2003 (68,219 individuals) and spring 2007 and 2008 (22,000 individuals on average) (DeCandido et al. 2008). 68,219 individuals equates to approximately 45,700 mature individuals. In the absence of data from other parts of its range, it is placed in the band 10,000-50,000 individuals.
Trend justification: The population is suspected to be in decline owing to ongoing habitat destruction through deforestation (Clark and Kirwan 2020). During 2001-2020, 15% of forest cover was lost across this species’s range (Global Forest Watch 2021), equating to a loss of 10.6% over three generations (13.47 years [Bird et al. 2020]). During 2016-2020, 5.3% of forest cover was lost across this species’s range (Global Forest Watch 2021), equivalent to 16.7% when projected forward over three generations. This species utilises orchards, gardens and agricultural areas in winter, but nests predominantly in forests (Ferguson-Lees and Christie 2001). There are currently no other known significant threats to the species, therefore it is suspected to be declining at a similar rate to forest loss.
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bangladesh | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bhutan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Cambodia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| China (mainland) | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| India | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Indonesia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Laos | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Malaysia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Myanmar | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Nepal | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Singapore | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Sri Lanka | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Thailand | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Vietnam | N | Extant | Yes | Yes |
| Country/Territory | IBA Name |
|---|---|
| Malaysia | Tanjung Tuan |
| Malaysia | Bintang Range |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | non-breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Plantations | suitable | non-breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Rural Gardens | suitable | non-breeding |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | resident |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level | suitable | non-breeding |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland | suitable | resident |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane | suitable | resident |
| Altitude | 0 - 1500 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Biological resource use | Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | - | - | International | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2022) Species factsheet: Aviceda leuphotes. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 27/05/2022.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2022) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 27/05/2022.
