• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note
Microtarsus melanoleucos (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pycnonotus melanoleucos.

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Sibley, C. G.; Monroe, B. L. 1990. Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world. Yale University Press, New Haven, USA.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2016	Near Threatened	A2c+3c+4c
2012	Near Threatened	A2c+3c+4c
2008	Near Threatened	A2c; A3c; A4c
2004	Near Threatened
2000	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	nomadic	Forest dependency	Medium
Land mass type	Land-mass type - continent Land-mass type - shelf island	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2)	3,290,000	medium
Number of locations		-
Severely Fragmented		-

	Value	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
No. of mature individuals	unknown	not applicable	not applicable	0
Population trend	Decreasing	poor	suspected	-
Decline (3 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (5 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation future)	20-29	-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future)	20-29	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations		-	-	-
Percentage in largest subpopulation		-	-	-

Population justification: The global population size has not been quantified, but the species is described as fairly common in Malaysia and Borneo and rather rare in Sumatra (del Hoyo et al. 2005).

Trend justification: Moderately rapid declines in this species's population are suspected to be occurring as a result of widespread and rapid deforestation throughout its range.

Country/Territory	Occurrence status	Presence	Resident	Breeding	Non-breeding	Passage
Brunei	N	Extant		Yes
Indonesia	N	Extant		Yes
Malaysia	N	Extant		Yes
Singapore	N	Extinct		Yes
Thailand	N	Extant		Yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Malaysia	Central Titiwangsa Range
Malaysia	Selangor Heritage Park
Malaysia	Endau-Rompin
Malaysia	Panti forest
Malaysia	Krau Wildlife Reserve
Malaysia	Taman Negara National Park
Malaysia	South-east Pahang peat swamp forest
Malaysia	Crocker Range
Malaysia	Mount Kinabalu
Malaysia	Kinabatangan floodplain
Malaysia	Danum Valley Conservation Area
Malaysia	Maliau Basin Conservation Area
Malaysia	Klias peninsula
Malaysia	Tanjung Datu-Samunsam Protected Area
Malaysia	Gunung Pueh
Malaysia	Sadong-Saribas coast
Malaysia	Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary
Malaysia	Similajau National Park
Malaysia	Lambir Hills National Park
Malaysia	Mulu - Buda Protected Area
Thailand	Bala Sector, Hala-Bala Wildlife Sanctuary
Thailand	Khao Nor Chuchi

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Plantations	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Rural Gardens	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Swamp	suitable	resident
Altitude	0 - 1830 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	(max) 3050 m

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Natural system modifications	Fire & fire suppression - Increase in fire frequency/intensity	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Microtarsus melanoleucos. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 02/04/2023. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 02/04/2023.