• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note
Lipaugus ater (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Tijuca atra.

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: #http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm#.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2019	Least Concern
2018	Near Threatened	B1ab(i,ii,iii,v)
2016	Near Threatened	B1ab(i,ii,iii,v)
2012	Near Threatened	B1ab(i,ii,iii,v)
2008	Near Threatened	B1a+b(i,ii,iii,v)
2004	Near Threatened
2000	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1994	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1988	Near Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	High
Land mass type	Land-mass type - continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2)	38,400	medium
Number of locations	100	-
Severely Fragmented		-

	Value	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
No. of mature individuals	20000-49999	poor	suspected	2019
Population trend	Decreasing	poor	suspected	-
Decline (3 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (5 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation future)	1-9	-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future)	1-9	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	2-3	-	-	-
Percentage in largest subpopulation	1-89	-	-	-
Generation length (yrs)	4.6	-	-	-

Population justification: The species has been described as ‘numerous in upper parts of Itatiaia and Serra dos Órgãos National Parks, and reasonably common elsewhere in suitable habitat’ (Snow and Sharpe 2018). Based on an analysis of remotely-sensed land cover data within the species's extent of occurrence and modelled population density, the population size has been estimated at 44,591 mature individuals (Santini et al. 2019). The species's population size is therefore placed in the band 20,000-49,999 mature individuals.

Trend justification: An analysis of forest loss within its range from 2000-2012 found that forest was lost at a rate equivalent to 3% across three generations (13.8 years; Tracewski et al. 2016). From this information, and assuming that forest loss is continuing, the species’s population size is suspected to be in decline.

Country/Territory	Occurrence status	Presence	Resident	Breeding	Non-breeding	Passage
Brazil	N	Extant	Yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Brazil	Parque Estadual do Desengano e Entorno
Brazil	Serra dos Órgãos
Brazil	Serra do Tinguá
Brazil	Serra da Mantiqueira
Brazil	Parque Nacional de Itatiaia
Brazil	Serra da Bocaina / Paraty / Angra dos Reis

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	major	resident
Altitude	1100 - 2100 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Primary form used	Life stage used	Source	Scale	Level	Timing
Food - human	-	-			Non-trivial	Recent

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2021) Species factsheet: Lipaugus ater. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 01/12/2021. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2021) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 01/12/2021.