• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Sibley, C. G.; Monroe, B. L. 1990. Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world. Yale University Press, New Haven, USA.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	C2a(i)

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2016	Vulnerable	C2a(i)
2012	Vulnerable	C2a(i)
2008	Vulnerable	C2a(i)
2004	Vulnerable
2000	Vulnerable
1996	Vulnerable
1994	Vulnerable
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	altitudinal migrant	Forest dependency	High
Land mass type	Land-mass type - continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2)	1,160,000	medium
Number of locations	11-100	-
Fragmentation		-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
No. of mature individuals	2500-9999	poor	estimated	2000
Population trend	Decreasing	poor	suspected	-
Decline (3 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (5 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation future)	10-19	-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future)	10-19	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	2-100	-	-	-
Largest subpopulations		-	-	-
Generation length (yrs)	4	-	-	-

Population justification: The population is estimated to number 2,500-9,999 mature individuals, based on an assessment of recent records and surveys by BirdLife International (2001). This equates to 3,750-14,999 individuals, rounded here to 3,500-15,000 individuals.

Trend justification: A moderate population decline is suspected to be on-going, owing to the moderately rapid loss and degradation of habitats across the range.

Country/Territory	Occurrence status	Presence	Resident	Breeding	Non-breeding	Passage
Bhutan	N	Extant	Yes
China (mainland)	N	Extant	Yes
India	N	Extant	Yes
Laos	N	Extant	Yes
Myanmar	N	Extant		Yes
Thailand	N	Extant
Vietnam	N	Extant		Yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Bhutan	Deothang / Narphang / Samdrup Jongkhar
Bhutan	Jigme Singye Wangchuk National Park
Bhutan	Royal Manas National Park
Bhutan	Thrumsing La National Park
China (mainland)	Huanglianshan
India	Buxa Tiger Reserve (National Park)
India	Chaglagaum - Denning - Walong
India	Chayang Tajo - Khenewa - Lada
India	Dibang Wildlife Sanctuary
India	Dichu Reserve Forest
India	Dombang Valley - Lachung - Lema - Tsungthang
India	Eaglenest and Sessa Sanctuaries
India	Fambong Lho Wildlife Sanctuary - Himalayan Zoological Park - Ratey Chu Reserve Forest
India	Jatinga
India	Lava - Neora Valley National Park
India	Lowland forests of South Sikkim (Melli-Baguwa-Kitam, Jorethang-Namchi, Sombarey)
India	Maenam Wildlife Sanctuary - Tendong Reserve Forest
India	Magu Thingbu
India	Mechuka - Monigong - Jorgging
India	Mouling National Park
India	Nacho - Limeking - Taksing - Majha
India	Nafra - Lada area
India	Namdapha - Kamlang
India	Namsangmukh - Borduria
India	Shergaon, Mandla - Phudung and Kalaktang
India	Singhalila National Park
India	Taley Valley Wildlife Sanctuary
India	Upper Dihing (West) Complex
India	Zemithang - Nelya
Laos	Nakai-Nam Theun
Laos	Nam Xam
Laos	Phou Loeuy
Myanmar	Hkakaborazi
Myanmar	Hponkanrazi
Thailand	Doi Phukha
Vietnam	Du Gia
Vietnam	Fan Si Pan
Vietnam	Tay Con Linh
Vietnam	Van Ban

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	major	resident
Forest	Temperate	major	resident
Altitude	600 - 2400 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Natural system modifications	Fire & fire suppression	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Primary form used	Life stage used	Source	Scale	Level	Timing
Pets	Whole	Adults and juveniles	Wild		Non-trivial	Recent
Pets	Whole	Adults and juveniles	Wild	International	Non-trivial	Recent

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2019) Species factsheet: Sitta formosa. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 16/06/2019. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2019) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 16/06/2019.