Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: #http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of _the_WP15.xls#.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | Near Threatened | A2cde |
| 2014 | Near Threatened | A2cde |
| 2013 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Near Threatened |
| Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | Does not normally occur in forest |
| Land mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 61,700,000 | medium |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Fragmentation | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | 1300-6700 | poor | estimated | 2009 |
| Population trend | Decreasing | suspected | - | |
| Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | - | - | - | |
| Number of subpopulations | 2-100 | - | - | - |
| Largest subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Generation length (yrs) | 17.8 | - | - | - |
Population justification: Ferguson-Lees et al. (2001) estimated the population to number 1,000-10,000 individuals, but in Europe the population is estimated at 580-790 pairs, which equates to 1,200-1,600 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015). A revised global estimate is therefore 2,000-10,000 individuals, roughly equating to 1,300-6,700 mature individuals.
Trend justification: This species is declining throughout its range with the exception of northern Spain, where the population has increased since 1986. Poisoning, both accidental and targeted, as well as habitat degradation, disturbance of breeding sites and collision with powerlines are considered to be the main threats (Ferguson-Lees and Christie 2001). Overall, it is suspected that the population has declined by 25-29% over the past three generations. Within Europe the population is estimated to be decreasing by at least 10% in 53.4 years (three generations) (BirdLife International 2015).
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Albania | N | Possibly Extinct | Yes | |||
| Algeria | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Andorra | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Armenia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Austria | R | Extant | Yes | |||
| Azerbaijan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bhutan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | N | Extinct | Yes | |||
| Bulgaria | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| China (mainland) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Croatia | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Cyprus | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Czechia | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Djibouti | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Egypt | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Eritrea | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Ethiopia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| France | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Georgia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Germany | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Greece | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| India | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Iraq | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Israel | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Italy | R | Extant | Yes | |||
| Jordan | N | Extinct | Yes | |||
| Kazakhstan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Kenya | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Kyrgyzstan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Lebanon | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Lesotho | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Liechtenstein | N | Extinct | Yes | |||
| Mauritania | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Mongolia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Montenegro | N | Extinct | Yes | |||
| Morocco | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Mozambique | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Namibia | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Nepal | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| North Korea | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| North Macedonia | N | Possibly Extinct | Yes | |||
| Pakistan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Palestinian Authority Territories | V | Extinct | Yes | |||
| Portugal | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Romania | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia (Asian) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia (Central Asian) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Russia (European) | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Saudi Arabia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Serbia | N | Extinct | Yes | |||
| Somalia | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| South Africa | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Spain | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Sudan | N | Extant | Yes | Yes | ||
| Switzerland | R | Extant | Yes | |||
| Syria | N | Extinct | Yes | |||
| Tajikistan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Tanzania | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Turkey | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Turkmenistan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Uganda | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Uzbekistan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Yemen | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Zimbabwe | V | Extant | Yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Urban Areas | suitable | resident |
| Grassland | Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude | suitable | resident |
| Grassland | Temperate | suitable | resident |
| Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks) | major | breeding | |
| Shrubland | Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation | suitable | resident |
| Altitude | 1000 - 7500 m | Occasional altitudinal limits | (min) 600 m |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Causing/Could cause fluctuations | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Causing/Could cause fluctuations | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Persecution/control | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Climate change & severe weather | Habitat shifting & alteration | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Energy production & mining | Renewable energy | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Canis familiaris | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Type Unknown/Unrecorded | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Residential & commercial development | Housing & urban areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Causing/Could cause fluctuations | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Transportation & service corridors | Roads & railroads | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Transportation & service corridors | Utility & service lines | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food - human | - | - | Non-trivial | Recent | ||
| Medicine - human & veterinary | - | - | Non-trivial | Recent | ||
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | - | - | International | Non-trivial | Recent | |
| Sport hunting/specimen collecting | - | - | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2020) Species factsheet: Gypaetus barbatus. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 26/01/2020.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2020) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 26/01/2020.
