Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: #http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of _the_WP15.xls#.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | A2acde+3cde+4acde | A2acde+3cde+4acde |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | Endangered | A2acde+3cde+4acde |
| 2016 | Near Threatened | A2acde |
| 2012 | Near Threatened | A2acde |
| 2009 | Near Threatened | A2(a,c,d,e) |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2006 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | Low |
| Land mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 23,500,000 | medium |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Severely Fragmented | - |
| Value | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | medium | suspected | 2001 | |
| Population trend | Decreasing | poor | inferred | - |
| Decline (3 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (5 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/1 generation past) | - | - | - | |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation future) | 50-79 | - | - | - |
| Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future) | 50-79 | - | - | - |
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Percentage in largest subpopulation | - | - | - | |
| Generation length (yrs) | 15.3 | - | - | - |
Population justification: The population is suspected to number in the tens of thousands (Ferguson-Lees and Christie 2001).
Trend justification: There have been significant population declines across much of this species's range owing to habitat loss and incidental poisoning/pollution, including Botswana (S. Tyler in litt. 2009; Garbett et al., 2018), Cameroon (Buij and Croes 2014; Thiollay, 2001; R. Buij, unpublished data), Côte d'Ivoire (del Hoyo et al. 1994), Kenya (N. Baker in litt. 2005; Ogada 2009; Ogada et al., 2020 in prep), Namibia (del Hoyo et al. 1994), Nigeria (an estimated decline of at least 50 % in 30 years, now probably only found in Yankari Gam Reserve where it used to be common but only two birds were seen in April and June 2016) (P. Hall in litt. 2005, 2009, 2016, 2020; O. J. Daniel in litt. 2009), Somalia (A. Ajama in litt. 2009), South Africa (Ferguson-Lees and Christie 2001, S. Thomsett in litt. 2005), where the reporting rates between SABAP1 (1987-1992) and SAPAP2 (2007-2020) reduced by 59% (P. Shaw, A. Amar and D. Ogada in litt. 2020), and densities within the Kruger National Park have declined (C. Murn in litt. 2020), Sudan (del Hoyo et al. 1994), Zambia (P. Leonard in litt. 2005), and Zimbabwe (del Hoyo et al. 1994). The overall rate of decline is difficult to quantify but is believed to have been rapid over the past three generations (46 years), placed here in the 50-79% band.
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Presence | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angola | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Benin | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Botswana | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Burkina Faso | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Burundi | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Cameroon | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Central African Republic | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Chad | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Congo | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Congo, The Democratic Republic of the | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Côte d'Ivoire | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Djibouti | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Egypt | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Eritrea | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Eswatini | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Ethiopia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Gabon | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Gambia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Ghana | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Guinea | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Guinea-Bissau | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Iraq | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Israel | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Kenya | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Lesotho | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Liberia | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Malawi | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Mali | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Mauritania | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Mozambique | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Namibia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Niger | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Nigeria | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Rwanda | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Saudi Arabia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Senegal | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Sierra Leone | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Somalia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| South Africa | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| South Sudan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Sudan | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Tanzania | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Togo | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Tunisia | V | Extant | Yes | |||
| Uganda | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Yemen | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Zambia | N | Extant | Yes | |||
| Zimbabwe | N | Extant | Yes |
| Country/Territory | IBA Name |
|---|---|
| South Africa | Zululand |
| Yemen | Mafraq al-Mukha |
| Yemen | Al-Kadan area |
| Zambia | Nyanje Hills |
| Zambia | Mutulanganga |
| Senegal | Dindefello Natural Reserve |
| Kenya | Ol Ari Nyiro |
| Yemen | Jabal Bura |
| Kenya | Lolldaiga-Mukogodo-Ewaso N'yiro |
| Kenya | Nairobi National Park |
| Kenya | Mutitu Forest |
| South Africa | Alexpan |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | resident |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland | suitable | resident |
| Forest | Temperate | suitable | resident |
| Grassland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | resident |
| Grassland | Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude | suitable | resident |
| Savanna | Dry | suitable | resident |
| Shrubland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | resident |
| Shrubland | Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude | suitable | resident |
| Altitude | 0 - 3000 m | Occasional altitudinal limits | (max) 4500 m |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 7 | ||||||
|
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| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Unintentional effects (species is not the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Human intrusions & disturbance | Work & other activities | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 7 | ||||||
|
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| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | - | - | International | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Terathopius ecaudatus. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 28/03/2023.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 28/03/2023.
