Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| A2cd+3cd+4cd; C2a(ii) | A2cd+3cd+4cd; C2a(i,ii); D | A2cd+3cd+4cd; C1+2a(i,ii); D1 |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Critically Endangered | A2cd+3cd+4cd; C2a(ii) |
| 2017 | Critically Endangered | A2cd+3cd+4cd; C2a(ii) |
| 2016 | Critically Endangered | A2cd+3cd+4cd |
| 2015 | Critically Endangered | A2cd+3cd+4cd |
| 2013 | Critically Endangered | A2cd+3cd+4cd |
| 2012 | Critically Endangered | A2cd+3cd+4cd |
| 2008 | Endangered | A2c,d; A3c,d; A4c,d |
| 2004 | Vulnerable | |
| 2000 | Vulnerable | |
| 1996 | Vulnerable | |
| 1994 | Vulnerable | |
| 1988 | Threatened |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | does not normally occur in forest |
| Land-mass type |
Land-mass type - continent |
Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 2,270,000 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 7,570,000 | medium |
| Number of locations | 11-100 | - |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Value | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of mature individuals | 150-700 | medium | inferred | 2012 |
| Population trend | decreasing | medium | inferred | 1998-2008 |
| Decline % (10 years/3 generations future) | 80-100 | - | - | - |
| Decline % (10 years/3 generations past and future) | 80-100 | - | - | - |
| Number of subpopulations | 1 | - | - | - |
| Percentage in largest subpopulation | 100 | - | - | - |
| Generation length (years) | 7.6 | - | - | - |
Population justification: Wang et al. (2012) stated that the global population is likely less than 1,000 individuals and could be much less than this, and so it is placed in the band 250-999 individuals, equating to 167-666 mature individuals, rounded here to 150-700 mature individuals, which now potentially can be considered to be in one sub-populations (R. Hearn in litt. 2016).
Trend justification: An extremely rapid population decline over the last three generations is estimated from numbers recorded on wintering and breeding grounds, as well as migration routes on the Hebei Coast, China (J. Hornskov in litt. 2005), and is thought to be caused by on-going hunting and habitat degradation; hence, the decline is expected to continue at this rate, though the reasons for the decline are not fully understood (R. Hearn in litt. 2016).
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bangladesh | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bhutan | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| China (mainland) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Hong Kong (China) | extant | native | yes | |||
| India | extant | native | yes | |||
| Japan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Laos | extant | native | yes | |||
| Mongolia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Myanmar | extant | native | yes | |||
| Nepal | extant | native | yes | |||
| North Korea | extant | native | yes | |||
| Pakistan | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Philippines | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Russia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Russia (Asian) | extant | native | yes | |||
| South Korea | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Taiwan, China | extant | native | yes | |||
| Thailand | extant | native | yes | |||
| Vietnam | extant | native | yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Ponds (below 8ha) | marginal | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | major | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | major | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) | major | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) | major | breeding |
| Altitude | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
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| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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| Agriculture & aquaculture | Marine & freshwater aquaculture - Scale Unknown/Unrecorded | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
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| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 7 | ||||||
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| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Unintentional effects (species is not the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases - Aythya nyroca | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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| Residential & commercial development | Tourism & recreation areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food - human | - | - | non-trivial | recent | ||
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | - | - | international | non-trivial | recent | |
| Sport hunting/specimen collecting | - | - | non-trivial | recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Aythya baeri. Downloaded from
http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/baers-pochard-aythya-baeri on 23/09/2023.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://datazone.birdlife.org on 23/09/2023.
