Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | C2a(i) |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | Vulnerable | C2a(i) |
| 2017 | Vulnerable | C2a(i) |
| 2016 | Near Threatened | B1ab(ii,iii);C1+2a(i) |
| 2012 | Near Threatened | B1ab(ii,iii);C1+2a(i) |
| 2008 | Near Threatened | B1a+b(i,ii,iii,iv,v); C1; C2a(ii) |
| 2004 | Near Threatened | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Near Threatened | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Near Threatened | |
| 1988 | Threatened |
| Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | medium |
| Land-mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 20,000 | medium |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Value | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of mature individuals | 1000-4000 | medium | estimated | 2016 |
| Population trend | decreasing | poor | inferred | 2012-2036 |
| Decline % (10 years/3 generations future) | 1-19 | - | - | - |
| Decline % (10 years/3 generations past and future) | 1-19 | - | - | - |
| Percentage in largest subpopulation | 1-89 | - | - | - |
| Generation length (years) | 8 | - | - | - |
Population justification: Although considered quite common in its optimal habitat, the overall population size may in fact be quite small. A total of 62 individuals were recorded on 25 of 45 islands with a total area 3,700 km2 surveyed in 1993-94 (Davidar et al. 1996). Therefore, its density has been considered to be not more than 1 or 2 individuals per km2 (P. Davidar in litt. 2016) with the total number of mature individuals considered to be 4,000 or less (P. Davidar in litt. 2016). Therefore, the population size is placed here in the range 1,000-4,000 mature individuals.
Trend justification: There are no data on population trends; however; the species is suspected to be declining at a slow to moderate rate, owing to habitat degradation and hunting.
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| India | extant | native | yes |
| Country/Territory | IBA Name |
|---|---|
| India | Austin Strait |
| India | Barangtang - Rafters Creek |
| India | Chainpur and Hanspuri |
| India | Interview Island Wildlife Sanctuary |
| India | Jarawa Reserve (Middle Andaman and South Andaman) |
| India | Kadakachang (Katakatchang) |
| India | Landfall Island Wildlife Sanctuary |
| India | Little Andaman |
| India | Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park (Wandoor National Park) |
| India | Mount Diavalo and Cuthbert Bay |
| India | Mount Harriet National Park |
| India | North and South Sentinel |
| India | North Reef Island Wildlife Sanctuary |
| India | Rani Jhansi Marine National Park |
| India | Saddle Peak National Park |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | marginal | resident |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest | marginal | resident |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level | suitable | resident |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland | major | resident |
| Altitude | 0 - 700 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Whole (>90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 7 | ||||||
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| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Agriculture & aquaculture | Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Whole (>90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 7 | ||||||
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| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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| Biological resource use | Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Whole (>90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 7 | ||||||
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Species factsheet: Spilornis elgini. Downloaded from
http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/andaman-serpent-eagle-spilornis-elgini on 24/09/2023.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2023) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://datazone.birdlife.org on 24/09/2023.
