• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Knox, A.G., Collinson, M., Helbig, A.J., Parkin, D.T. and Sangster,G. 2002. Taxonomic recommendations for British birds. Ibis 144: 707-710.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2018	Least Concern
2016	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Not Recognised
1994	Not Recognised
1988	Not Recognised

Migratory status	full migrant	Forest dependency	Does not normally occur in forest
Land mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2)	5,090,000	medium
Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2)	5,600,000	medium
Number of locations		-
Severely Fragmented		-

	Value	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
No. of mature individuals	260000-330000	poor	estimated	2009
Population trend	Increasing		suspected	-
Decline (3 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (5 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/1 generation past)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation future)		-	-	-
Decline (10 years/3 generation past and future)		-	-	-
Number of subpopulations		-	-	-
Percentage in largest subpopulation		-	-	-
Generation length (yrs)	15	-	-	-

Trend justification: The overall trend is increasing, although some populations may be stable (Wetlands International 2006).

Country/Territory	Occurrence status	Presence	Resident	Breeding	Non-breeding	Passage
Anguilla (to UK)	V	Extant			Yes
Antigua and Barbuda	V	Extinct
Aruba (to Netherlands)	N	Extant
Bahamas	N	Extant		Yes
Barbados	V	Extant
Belize	V	Extant
Bermuda (to UK)	V	Extant
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (to Netherlands)	N	Extant
Brazil	N	Extant
Canada	V	Extant
Cayman Islands (to UK)	V	Extant
Colombia	N	Extant
Cuba	N	Extant		Yes
Dominican Republic	N	Extant		Yes
Ecuador	N	Extant		Yes
French Guiana	N	Extant
Guadeloupe (to France)	V	Extant
Guyana	N	Extant
Haiti	N	Extant		Yes
Honduras	V	Extant
Jamaica	N	Extant
Mexico	N	Extant		Yes
Puerto Rico (to USA)	V	Extant
St Kitts and Nevis	V	Extant
St Lucia	V	Extant
Suriname	N	Extant
Trinidad and Tobago	N	Extant
Turks and Caicos Islands (to UK)	N	Extant			Yes
USA	N	Extant
Venezuela	N	Extant		Yes
Virgin Islands (to UK)	R	Extant		Yes
Virgin Islands (to USA)	V	Extant

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Curaçao (to Netherlands)	Malpais-St Michiel
Colombia	Complejo de Humedales Costeros de la Guajira
Venezuela	Parque Nacional Archipiélago Los Roques
Venezuela	Refugio de Fauna Silvestre y Reserva de Pesca Laguna de Boca de Caño
Venezuela	Humedales Boca de Hueque y Sauca
Venezuela	Humedales Boca del Río Unare
Venezuela	Humedal Chacopata
Venezuela	Refugio de Fauna Silvestre y Reserva de Pesca Ciénaga de Los Olivitos
Venezuela	Parque Nacional Laguna de Tacarigua
Jamaica	Yallahs
Venezuela	Pedernales-Capure
Venezuela	Reserva de Fauna Silvestre Tucurere
Turks and Caicos Islands (to UK)	Fish Ponds and Crossing Place Trail, Middle Caicos
Turks and Caicos Islands (to UK)	North, Middle and East Caicos Ramsar Site
Cuba	Cayo Sabinal, Ballenatos y Manglares de la Bahía de Nuevitas
Cuba	Delta del Cauto
Cuba	Río Máximo
Bahamas	Great Inagua
Bahamas	Mira Por Vos
Bahamas	Booby Rocks and Pirates Bay
Dominican Republic	Enriquillo Lake National Park
Dominican Republic	Jaragua National Park
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (to Netherlands)	Lac Bay, Bonaire
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (to Netherlands)	Pelkermeer Saltworks, Bonaire
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (to Netherlands)	Washington-Slagbaai National Park, Bonaire
Cuba	Las Picuas - Del Cristo Cay
Cuba	Gran Humedal del Norte de Ciego de Ávila
Cuba	Ciénaga de Zapata
Curaçao (to Netherlands)	Muizenberg, Curaçao
Venezuela	Refugio de Fauna Silvestre Cuare
Curaçao (to Netherlands)	Jan Thiel Lagoon, Curaçao
Bahamas	Booby Cay
Haiti	Lac Azuéi
Haiti	Lagon-aux-Boeufs
Cuba	Cayería Centro - Oriental de Villa Clara
Cuba	Humedal Sur de Sancti Spiritus
Cuba	Delta del Mayarí
Mexico	Humedales Costeros del Norte de la Península de Yucatán
Mexico	Reserva Estatal de Dzilám
Mexico	Ría Celestún
Guyana	North-west Coastline
Puerto Rico (to USA)	Culebra
Virgin Islands (to UK)	Anegada: Western salt ponds and coastal areas
Bahamas	Joulter Cays

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Marine Coastal/Supratidal	Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes	major	non-breeding
Marine Coastal/Supratidal	Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes	major	breeding
Altitude		Occasional altitudinal limits

Purpose	Primary form used	Life stage used	Source	Scale	Level	Timing
Pets/display animals, horticulture	-	-			Non-trivial	Recent

---

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2021) Species factsheet: Phoenicopterus ruber. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 25/10/2021. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2021) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 25/10/2021.