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The site was identified as important in 2001 because it was regularly supporting significant populations of the species listed below, meeting ('triggering') IBA criteria.

Populations meeting IBA criteria ('trigger species'):

Species	Current IUCN Red List Category	Season	Year(s)	Population estimate at site	IBA criteria met
Hartlaub's Duck Pteronetta hartlaubii	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Blue-headed Wood-dove Turtur brehmeri	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Black-throated Coucal Centropus leucogaster	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Green Turaco Tauraco persa	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Akun Eagle-owl Bubo leucostictus	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Congo Serpent-eagle Dryotriorchis spectabilis	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Cassin's Hawk-eagle Aquila africana	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Eastern Long-tailed Hornbill Horizocerus cassini	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Dwarf Hornbill Lophoceros camurus	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Congo Pied Hornbill Lophoceros fasciatus	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Black-casqued Hornbill Ceratogymna atrata	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Eastern Piping Hornbill Bycanistes sharpii	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Chocolate-backed Kingfisher Halcyon badia	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Eastern Yellow-billed Barbet Trachylaemus purpuratus	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Naked-faced Barbet Gymnobucco calvus	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Eastern Yellow-spotted Barbet Buccanodon duchaillui	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Speckled Tinkerbird Pogoniulus scolopaceus	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Red-rumped Tinkerbird Pogoniulus atroflavus	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Yellow-throated Tinkerbird Pogoniulus subsulphureus	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Hairy-breasted Barbet Tricholaema hirsuta	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Cassin's Honeybird Prodotiscus insignis	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Spotted Honeyguide Indicator maculatus	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Gabon Woodpecker Dendropicos gabonensis	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Buff-spotted Woodpecker Pardipicus nivosus	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Fire-bellied Woodpecker Dendropicos pyrrhogaster	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Grey Parrot Psittacus erithacus	EN	resident	1999	min 1,000 individuals	A3
Black-winged Oriole Oriolus nigripennis	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Blue Cuckooshrike Cyanograucalus azureus	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Red-billed Helmetshrike Prionops caniceps	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Fiery-breasted Bush-shrike Malaconotus cruentus	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Western Nicator Nicator chloris	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Green Crombec Sylvietta virens	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Grey Longbill Macrosphenus concolor	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Black-capped Apalis Apalis nigriceps	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Buff-throated Apalis Apalis rufogularis	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Olive-green Camaroptera Camaroptera chloronota	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Chattering Cisticola Cisticola anonymus	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Fanti Saw-wing Psalidoprocne obscura	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
White-bibbed Swallow Hirundo nigrita	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Grey-headed Bristlebill Bleda canicapillus	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Spotted Greenbul Ixonotus guttatus	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Swamp Palm Bulbul Thescelocichla leucopleura	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Simple Greenbul Chlorocichla simplex	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Ansorge's Greenbul Eurillas ansorgei	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Plain Greenbul Eurillas curvirostris	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Western Bearded Greenbul Criniger barbatus	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Red-tailed Greenbul Criniger calurus	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Leaf-love Pyrrhurus scandens	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Chestnut-capped Flycatcher Erythrocercus mccallii	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Green Hylia Hylia prasina	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Brown Illadopsis Illadopsis fulvescens	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Fire-crested Alethe Alethe castanea	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
African Forest-flycatcher Fraseria ocreata	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Orange-breasted Forest-robin Stiphrornis erythrothorax	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Fraser's Sunbird Deleornis fraseri	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Grey-chinned Sunbird Anthreptes tephrolaemus	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Buff-throated Sunbird Chalcomitra adelberti	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Yellow-mantled Weaver Ploceus tricolor	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Chestnut-and-black Weaver Ploceus castaneofuscus	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Red-vented Malimbe Malimbus scutatus	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Blue-billed Malimbe Malimbus nitens	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Red-headed Malimbe Malimbus rubricollis	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
White-breasted Nigrita Nigrita fusconotus	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Chestnut-breasted Nigrita Nigrita bicolor	LC	resident	1999	present	A3
Pale-fronted Nigrita Nigrita luteifrons	LC	resident	1999	present	A3

The current IUCN Red List category may differ from that which was valid at the time of IBA criteria assessment (2001).

State (condition of the trigger species' populations)
Scientific name	Common name	Reference population	Actual population	Units	% of population remaining	Result
Pteronetta hartlaubii	Hartlaub's Duck	30	30	breeding pairs	100	favourable
Psittacus erithacus		300	300	adults	100	favourable

Pressure (threats to the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Threat level 1	Threat level 2	Timing	Scope	Severity	Result
Agricultural expansion and intensification	annual & perennial non-timber crops - shifting agriculture	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium
Agricultural expansion and intensification	livestock farming and ranching (includes forest grazing) - agro-industry grazing, ranching or farmin	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	slow but significant deterioration	high
Biological resource use	logging & wood harvesting - intentional use: large scale	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	high
Climate change and severe weather	temperature extremes	likely in short term (within 4 years)	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium
Pollution	garbage & solid waste	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	high
Residential and commercial development	housing and urban areas	likely in short term (within 4 years)	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium
Transportation and service corridors	roads and railroads	past (and unlikely to return) and no longer limiting	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	low

Response (conservation actions taken for the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Protected-area designation	Management planning	Other conservation action	Result
Some of site covered (10-49%)	No management plan exists but the management planning process has begun	Very little or no conservation action taking place	low

For more information about IBA conservation status, please click here

Protected area (PA)	PA designation	PA area (ha)	Relationship of PA with IBA	Overlap of PA with IBA (ha)
Upper Orashi River	Forest Reserve	9,696	is identical to site	0
Upper Orashi Forests	Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance	25,165	protected area contains site	25,165

Habitat (IUCN level 1)	Habitat detail	Extent (% of site)
Artificial/Terrestrial		-
Unknown		-
Forest		-

For more information about the IUCN Habitat classification, please click here.

Land-use	Extent (% of site)
agriculture	-
forestry	-
nature conservation and research	-
water management	-

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Important Bird Area factsheet: Upper Orashi forests. Downloaded from http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/upper-orashi-forests-iba-nigeria on 03/10/2023.