* Regarded as full species in New Zealand. (NZ Checklist 2010).
Besides the trigger species the following are confirmed breeding or resident on these two islands: Kermadec Petrel, Kermadec Little Shearwater, Tasman (Masked) Booby, Sooty Tern, Black Noddy. Other species recorded: Black Shag, White-faced Heron, White-necked Heron, Australasian Harrier, Pacific Golden Plover, Grey Plover, Turnstone, Asiatic Whimbrel, Grey-tailed Tattler, Wandering Tattler, Little Tern, Long-tailed Cuckoo, NZ kingfisher, Welcome Swallow, NZ Pipit, Silvereye, Blackbird, Song Thrush, Chaffinch, Greenfinch, Goldfinch, Starling.
Pressure/threats to key biodiversity
Human disturbance – No
Predation by alien species – No
Habitat loss or degradation – Yes - Erosion of the island's coast has impacted on some breeding sites - for example, a large sand dune at the back of Sandy Bay was washed away by wave and storm action. Many burrows would have been lost.
Contamination – No
Natural disaster – Yes - The island is the visible part of the edge of a huge submarine caldera which remains active. A large-scale eruption of the volcano would have a devastating impact on breeding seabirds.
Other - No
Protected areas
Kermadec (all Islands) - Nature Reserve - 3360ha - Protected area contains site
Kermadec Islands - Marine Reserve - Protected area adjacent to site (PA out to 12mn)
